Narratives from the margins of the state: resisting the politics of exceptionality in the Comuna 13
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0972Gako-hitzak:
Emergency criminal Law, State of Exception, Enforced Disappearances, Transitional JusticeLaburpena
This article questions the implementation of the “state of exception” in marginal urban areas of Colombia. In so doing, it takes as a case study the military operations carried out in 2002, in Comuna 13, an urban district of Medellín. More than a decade after these military operations, communities whose lives were significantly affected by the operations have denounced the commission of an important number of human rights violations in the Comuna. These human rights violations, which include inter-urban displacements and Enforced Disappearances (ED) occurred after the so-called securitisation of the neighbourhood and challenge the notion of security that underpins “state of exception” policies. The overall aim of the article is to highlight the importance of the narratives of resistance that contest the implementation of state of exception policies. These narratives urge us to think beyond the “friend or foe” logic that has justified military interventions of past decades in urban areas of the Global South.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Metrics
Downloads:
PDF (English) 250
Erreferentziak
Aparicio, J., 2012. Rumores, residuos y estado en la mejor esquina de América: una cartografía de lo humanitario en Colombia. Bogotá: Uniandes. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7440/2012.12
Aricapa, R., 2015. Comuna 13, crónica de una guerra urbana: de Orión a La Escombrera. Bogotá: Penguin Random House.
Atehortúa, C., 2009. Caracterización del Desplazamiento Forzado Intraurbano. Opinión Jurídica [online], 18 (16). Available from: https://revistas.udem.edu.co/index.php/opinion/article/view/87 [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Atiles-Osoria, J., 2018 (in this issue). State of Exception as Economic Policy: A Socio-Legal Analysis of the Puerto Rican Colonial Case. Oñati Socio-legal Series [online], 8 (6), 819-844. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0975 [Accessed 11 October 2018]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0975
Banco de Datos de Violencia Política del CINEP & Justicia y Paz, 2003. Comuna 13, la otra versión. Caso Tipo No. 2 [online]. Bogotá: Noche y Niebla. Available from: https://www.nocheyniebla.org/wp-content/uploads/u1/casotipo/Comuna13.pdf [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Barreto, A., 2011. La Generación del Estado de Sitio: el juicio a la anormalidad institucional en la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de 1991. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes, Uniandes.
Benjamin, W., 2007. Critique of Violence. In: W. Benjamin (ed., Peter Demetz), Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings. New York: Schocken Books, p. 248. (First published in 1978).
Bourgois, P., 2009. Recognizing Invisible violence: A Thirty Year Ethnographic perspective. In: B. Rylko-Bauer, L.M. Whiteford and P. Farmer, eds., Global Health in Times of Violence. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press, pp. 17-40.
Castillejo-Cuéllar, A., 2013. Voces [en la cabeza]: espacialidad, mediaciones teletecnológicas y las verdades caleidoscópicas en el proceso de Justicia y Paz en Colombia. Papeles del CEIC [online], 2013/1 (92). Available from: https://tinyurl.com/yaxh9fx8 [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, 2011. La Huella invisible de la Guerra Desplazamiento Forzado en la Comuna 13 [online]. Report. Bogotá: CNMH. Available from: http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/descargas/informes2011/informe_comuna13_la_huella_invisible_de_la_guerra.pdf [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, 2016. Hasta encontrarlos: el drama de la desaparición forzada en Colombia [online]. Report. Bogotá: CNMH. Available from: http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/micrositios/hasta-encontrarlos/ [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Civico, A., 2012. “We are illegal, but not illegitimate”. Modes of policing in Medellin, Colombia. PoLAR [online], 35 (1), 77-93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1555-2934.2012.01180.x [Accessed 11 October 2018]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1555-2934.2012.01180.x
Das, V., and Poole, D., 2004. Anthropology in the margins of the State. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.
Durán Núñez, D., and Martínez Hernández, S., 2017. Corte Interamericana condena al Estado por abusos en la Comuna 13 de Medellín. El Espectador [online], 10 January. Available from: https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/judicial/corte-interamericana-condena-al-estado-abusos-y-excesos-articulo-674055 [Accessed 11 October 2018].
El Espectador, 2011. Uribe da 10 razones para no hablar de conflicto armado. El Espectador [online], 7 May. Available from: https://www.elespectador.com/content/uribe-da-10-razones-para-no-hablar-de-conflicto-armado [Accessed 11 October 2018].
García Villegas, M., 2008. Un país de estados de excepción. El Espectador [online], 11 October. Available from: https://www.elespectador.com/impreso/politica/articuloimpreso43317-un-pais-de-estados-de-excepcion [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Gomez Suarez, A., 2007. Perpetrator blocs, genocidal mentalities and geographies: the destruction of the Union Patriótica in Colombia and its lessons for genocide studies. Journal of Genocide Research [online], 9 (4), 637-660. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520701644440 [Accessed 11 October 2018]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14623520701644440
Impunity, 2010. Documentary. Directed by J.J. Lozano and H. Morris. Switzerland / France / Colombia: Arte / Dolce Vita Films / Intermezzo Films S.A. / Radio Télévision Suisse (RTS) / SRG SSR idée suisse.
INER et al., eds., 2008. Dinámicas de guerra y construcción de paz. Estudio interdisciplinario del conflicto armado en la Comuna 13 de Medellín. Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Estudios Regionales (INER) / Universidad de Medellín / Corporación Región / Instituto Popular de Capacitación (IPC).
Iturralde, M., 2009. Castigo, liberalismo autoritario y justicia penal de excepción. Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre / Universidad de los Andes / Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
Iturralde, M., 2010. Democracies without citizenship: crime and punishment in Latin America. New Criminal Law Review, nº 13, pp. 309-332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2010.13.2.309
Jackson, M., 2002. The Politics of Storytelling: Violence, Transgression, and Intersubjectivity. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
Jiménez Ricárdez, R., 1986. M-19 Paz y guerra en Colombia. Entrevista a Antonio Navarro Wolf. Cuadernos políticos [online], nº 45, enero-marzo, 82-104. Available from: http://www.cedema.org/uploads/M-19_1986-03.pdf [Accessed 11 October 2018].
La Toma, 2011 [online]. Documentary. Directed by A. Gibson and M. Salazar. Bogotá: International Center for Transitional Justice. Available from: https://www.ictj.org/es/multimedia/video/la-toma [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Lalinde, F., 2018. Hagan hablar al archivo, no dejen que guarde silencio [online]. Speech given at the National University of Colombia, 17 April. Available from: https://verdadabierta.com/hagan-hablar-al-archivo-no-dejen-guarde-silencio-fabiola-lalinde/ [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Lemaitre, J., 2015. Constitution or barbarism? How to rethink law in “lawless” spaces. In: C. Rodríguez-Garavito, ed., Law and Society in Latin America: A New Map. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 43-62.
Lemaitre, J., 2016. After the War: Displaced Women, Ordinary Ethics, and Grassroots Reconstruction in Colombia. Social & Legal Studies [online], 25 (5) 545-565. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0964663916636442 [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Nieto López, J., 2013. Resistencia Civil No Armada. La voz y la fuga de las Comunidades Urbanas. Medellín: Hombre Nuevo / Universidad de Antioquia.
Norrie, A., 2008. Justice on the slaughter-bench: the problem of war guilt in Arendt and Jaspers. New Criminal Law Review [online], 11 (2), 187-231. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1512578 [Accessed 11 October 2018]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2008.11.2.187
Norrie, A., 2017. Justice and the Slaughter Bench: Essays on Law’s Broken Dialectic. Abingdon: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315666570
Olarte, C., and Wall, I.R., 2012. The Occupation of Public Space in Bogotá: Internal Displacement and the City. Social & Legal Studies [online], 21 (3), 321-339. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0964663912442442 [Accessed 11 October 2018]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663912442442
Oquist, P., 1978. Violencia, Conflicto y Política en Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto de Estudios Colombianos.
Ramírez, M.C., 2010. Maintaining Democracy in Colombia through Political Exclusion, States of Exception, Counterinsurgency and Dirty War. In: E.D. Arias and D.M. Goldstein, eds., Violent Democracies in Latin America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11smn59.7
Robinson, J., 2018. Transitional Justice and the Politics of inscription. Memory, Space and Narrative in Northern Ireland. Abingdon: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315265308
Rozema, R., 2007. Paramilitares y violencia urbana en Medellín, Colombia. Foro Internacional [online], XLVII (3), pp. 535-550. Available from: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=59911150003 [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Semana, 2005. Sí hay guerra, señor presidente. Semana [online], 2 June. Available from: https://www.semana.com/portada/articulo/si-guerra-senor-presidente/70763-3 [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Stokes, D., 2003. Why the end of the Cold War doesn’t matter: the US war of terror in Colombia. Review of International Studies [online], 29 (4), 569-585. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20097877 [Accessed 11 October 2018]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210503005692
Uribe de Hincapié, M., 1998. Las soberanías en vilo en un contexto de guerra y paz. Estudios Políticos [online], nº 13, 11-37. Available from: http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/estudiospoliticos/article/view/16280/14112 [Accessed 11 October 2018]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.espo.16280
Verdad Abierta, 2008. Bloque Cacique Nutibara [blog post]. Verdad Abierta [online], 15 October. Available from: https://verdadabierta.com/bloque-cacique-nutibara-/ [Accessed 11 October 2018].
Verdad Abierta, 2009. “Don Berna” implica al ex general Mario Montoya en actividades paramilitares [blog post]. Verdad Abierta [online], 2 March. Available from: https://verdadabierta.com/don-berna-implica-al-ex-general-mario-montoya-en-actividades-paramilitares/ [Accessed 11 October 2018].
##submission.downloads##
Argitaratuta
##submission.howToCite##
Zenbakia
Atala
##submission.license##
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-nd4.footer##OSLS strictly respects intellectual property rights and it is our policy that the author retains copyright, and articles are made available under a Creative Commons licence. The Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution No-Derivatives licence is our default licence, further details available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 If this is not acceptable to you, please contact us.
The non-exclusive permission you grant to us includes the rights to disseminate the bibliographic details of the article, including the abstract supplied by you, and to authorise others, including bibliographic databases, indexing and contents alerting services, to copy and communicate these details.
For information on how to share and store your own article at each stage of production from submission to final publication, please read our Self-Archiving and Sharing policy.
The Copyright Notice showing the author and co-authors, and the Creative Commons license will be displayed on the article, and you must agree to this as part of the submission process. Please ensure that all co-authors are properly attributed and that they understand and accept these terms.