“Look who is laughing now”
Physical capital, boxing, and the prevention of repeat victimisation
##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1171Gako-hitzak:
Boxing, violence, psychosocialLaburpena
This paper’s aim is to further current thinking around young men’s perceptions and understanding of violence, and the use of boxing as a vehicle in the prevention of repeat victimization. The focus is on the use of bodily or physical capital, and the ways in which men draw upon this resource to ward off attacks to identity and psyches, especially those perceived as disrespectful. It will draw on data from The Criminology of Boxing, Violence and Desistance (Jump 2020), and present overarching ideas from Tyrone, a psychosocial case study highlighting the underpinning theory and its development. This paper disrupts common discourses that argue that boxing is a panacea for all violence, and thus presents more subjective nuanced accounts of men’s lives in the gym, and the streets. In using the term “physical capital”, I employ Wacquant’s (1995) theory, and suggest that boxers not only use their body as a “form of capital” (p. 65), but that the physical capital accrued through the corporeal praxis of boxing, is actually a way to disavow prior victimization, and invest in the prevention of repeated traumatic scenarios.
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Metrics
Downloads:
PDF (English) 378
XML (English) 113
Erreferentziak
Anderson, E., 1999. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: Norton.
Atyeo, D., 1979. Blood & Guts: Violence in Sports. New York: Grosset & Dunlap.
Blok, A., 1981. Rams and Billy Goats: A Key to the Mediterranean Code of Honour. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland [online], 16(3), 427–440. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/2801293 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2801293
Bourdieu, P., 1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Trans.: R. Nice. London: Routledge.
Bourdieu, P., 1986. The Forms of Capital. In: J.G. Richardson, ed., Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press, 241–258.
Bredemeier, B.J., 1983. Athletic aggression: A moral concern. In: J.H. Goldstein, ed., Sports Violence. New York: Springer, 47–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5530-7_5
Bridges, T.S., 2009. Gender capital and male bodybuilders. Body & Society [online], 15(1), 83–107. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X08100148 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X08100148
Brown, D., 1999. Male Bodybuilders and the Social Meaning of Muscle, Auto/Biography, 7(1–2), 83–90.
Butler, M., 2008. What are you looking at? Prisoner confrontations and the search for respect. The British Journal of Criminology [online], 48(6), 856–873. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azn053 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azn053
Butler, M., and Maruna, S., 2009. The Impact of Disrespect on Prisoner’s Aggression: Outcomes of Experimentally Inducing Violence-Supportive Cognitions. Psychology, Crime and Law [online], 15(2–3), 235–250. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160802190970 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160802190970
Connell, R.W., 1995. Masculinities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Connell, R.W., 1998. Reply. Gender & Society [online], 12(4), 474–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/089124398012004009 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/089124398012004009
Crocker, J., et al., 2003. Contingencies of self-worth in college students: theory and measurement. Journal of personality and social psychology [online], 85(5), 894. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.894 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.894
Ellis, A., Winlow, S., and Hall, S., 2017. “Throughout my life I’ve had people walk all over me”: Trauma in the lives of violent men. The Sociological Review [online], 65(4), 699–713. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026117695486 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026117695486
Freud, S. (with P. Gay, ed.), 1995. The Freud Reader. New York: WW Norton & Company.
Fussell, S., 1991. Muscle: Confessions of an Unlikely Bodybuilder. New York: Poseidon Press.
Gadd, D., 2004. Making sense of interviewee–interviewer dynamics in narratives about violence in intimate relationships. International Journal of Social Research Methodology [online], 7(5), 383–401. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557092000055077 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557092000055077
Gilligan, J., 1996. Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes. New York: GP Putnam.
Hall, S., 1997. Visceral Cultures and Criminal Practices. Theoretical Criminology [online], 1(4), 453–78. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480697001004003 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480697001004003
Hobbs, D., 1995. Bad Business. New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198258483.001.0001
Jefferson, T., 2002. Subordinating hegemonic masculinity. Theoretical criminology [online], 6(1), 63–88. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/136248060200600103 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/136248060200600103
Jump, D., 2020. The Criminology of Boxing, Violence and Desistance. Bristol: Policy Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529203240.001.0001
Katz, J., 1988. Seductions of Crime: The Moral and Sensual Seductions of Doing Evil. New York: Basic Books. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1143770
Klein, A.M., 1986. Pumping Iron: Crisis and Contradiction in Bodybuilding. Sociology of Sport [online], 3(2), 112–133. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.3.2.112 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.3.2.112
Luckenbill, D.F., 1977. Criminal Homicide as a Situated Transaction. Social Problems [online], 25(2), 176–86. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/800293 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1977.25.2.03a00050
Maruna, S., and Matravers, A., 2007. N=1: Criminology and the person. Theoretical Criminology [online], 11(4), 427–442. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480607081833 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480607081833
Matthews, C., 2014. Biology Ideology and Pastiche Hegemony. Men and Masculinities [online], 17(2), 99–119. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X14526699 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X14526699
McAdams, D.P., 1993. The Stories We Live By: Personal Myths and the Making of the Self. New York: Guilford Press.
Merton, R. K., 1938. Social structure and anomie. American sociological review [online], 3(5), 672–682. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/2084686 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2084686
Messner, M.A., 1990. When Bodies Are Weapons: Masculinity and Violence in Sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport [online], 25(3), 203–220. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/101269029002500303 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/101269029002500303
Neff, J.A., Prichoda, T.J., and Hoppe, S.K., 1991. Machismo, Self-Esteem, Educational and High Maximum Drinking Among Anglo, Black and Mexican American Male Drinkers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol [online], 52(5), 458–463. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1991.52.458 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1991.52.458
Oates, J.C., 1987. On Boxing. London: Bloomsbury.
Robins, D., and Cohen, P., 1978. Knuckle Sandwich. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Sabo, D., 1986. Pigskin, Patriarchy and Pain. In: M. Messner and D. Sabo, Sex, Violence and Power in Sports: Rethinking Masculinity. Freedom: Crossing Press, 82–88.
Scheff, T.J., 1994. Bloody Revenge: Emotions, Nationalism, and War. Boulder: Westview Press.
Scheff, T.J., 2000. Shame and the Social Bond. Sociological Theory [online], 18(1), 84–99. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00089 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0735-2751.00089
Sennett, R., and Cobb, J., 1973. The Hidden Injuries of Class. New York: Vintage.
Shilling, C., 1993. The Body and Social Theory. London/Newbury Park: Sage.
Smith, M.D., 1974. Significant Others’ Influence on the Assaultive Behavior of Young Hockey Players. International Review of Sport Sociology [online], 9(3), 45–58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/101269027400900303 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/101269027400900303
Theberge, N., 1991. Reflections on the Body in the Sociology of Sport. Quest [online], 43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1991.10484017 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1991.10484017
Toch, H., 1992. Violent Men: An Inquiry into the Psychology of Violence. Revised ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10135-000
Vaz, E.W., 1980. The Culture of Young Hockey Players: Some Initial Observations. In: D. Sabo and R. Runfola, eds., Jock: Sports and Male Identity. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Wacquant, L., 1995. Pugs at Work: Bodily Capital and Bodily Labour Among Professional Boxers. In: C.L. Cole, J. Loy and M.A. Messner, eds., Exercising Power: The Making and Remaking of the Body. Albany: State University of New York Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X95001001005
Wiley, R., 1989. Serenity: A Boxing Memoir. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Winlow, S., 2001. Badfellas: Crime, Tradition and New Masculinities. Oxford: Berg.
Winlow, S., and Hall. S., 2009. Retaliate First: Memory, Humiliation and Male Violence. Crime, Media, Culture [online], 5(3), 285–304. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659009349243 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659009349243
Wolfgang, M.E., 1959. Patterns in Criminal Homicide. New York: John Wiley and Sons. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512808728
Young, J., 2003. Merton with Energy, Katz with Structure: The Sociology of Vindictiveness and the Criminology of Transgression. Theoretical Criminology [online], 7(3), 389–414. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/13624806030073007 [Access 25 September 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13624806030073007
##submission.downloads##
Argitaratuta
##submission.howToCite##
Zenbakia
Atala
##submission.license##
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-nd4.footer##OSLS strictly respects intellectual property rights and it is our policy that the author retains copyright, and articles are made available under a Creative Commons licence. The Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution No-Derivatives licence is our default licence, further details available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 If this is not acceptable to you, please contact us.
The non-exclusive permission you grant to us includes the rights to disseminate the bibliographic details of the article, including the abstract supplied by you, and to authorise others, including bibliographic databases, indexing and contents alerting services, to copy and communicate these details.
For information on how to share and store your own article at each stage of production from submission to final publication, please read our Self-Archiving and Sharing policy.
The Copyright Notice showing the author and co-authors, and the Creative Commons license will be displayed on the article, and you must agree to this as part of the submission process. Please ensure that all co-authors are properly attributed and that they understand and accept these terms.