Governing in Crisis
Legal and Institutional Transformation of Ukraine’s Customs Public Service Under Martial Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/sz.iisl.2324Palavras-chave:
martial law, public service, customs, legal resilience, emergency governanceResumo
This article explores the legal and institutional transformation of Ukraine’s customs public service under martial law during the 2022–2024 full-scale war. Employing a socio-legal and comparative methodology, it introduces the concept of “extraordinary public service” as a crisis-induced model characterized by flexibility, ethical ambiguity, and executive discretion. Drawing upon legislative acts, staffing statistics, and international case studies, the paper investigates how legality, bureaucratic procedures, and public service ethics have been reconfigured in response to systemic disruption. The analysis highlights significant changes in recruitment practices, accountability standards, and operational priorities. Martial law enabled short-term institutional agility – but at the cost of administrative instability, legal fragmentation, and weakened democratic oversight. Comparative insights from Georgia, Colombia, Portugal, and South Korea demonstrate recurring dilemmas in balancing emergency governance with legal certainty. The article concludes by advocating for a codified legal framework for public service in extraordinary conditions, grounded in constitutional values and capable of restoring legitimacy post-crisis.
Downloads
Estatísticas globais ℹ️
|
26
Visualizações
|
22
Downloads
|
|
48
Total
|
|
Referências
Agamben, G., 2008. State of exception. University of Chicago Press.
Arias Ruiz, A.C., 2024. Optimización de la fiscalización aduanera y cambiaria mediante digitalización y gestión eficiente de documentos [online]. Informe de práctica. Universidad del Pacífico, Programa de Administración de Negocios Internacionales. Buenaventura, Colombia. Available at: https://repositorio.unipacifico.edu.co/entities/publication/48cfe629-11c3-4611-8ca0-9150437b3c77
Avramenko, N., Doroshenko, T., and Matveyev, M., 2022. Problems of Customs Control in the Context of Ukraine's European Integration. Economics and State [online], 1, 55–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32702/2306-6806.2022.1.55 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32702/2306-6806.2022.1.55
Baek, S.U., 2024. Declaration of Martial Law in South Korea: A Threat to Democracy. The Lancet [online]. 405(10474), 195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02792-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02792-2
Báscones, J.G., 2025. Valoración aduanera en el Perú. Análisis crítico y lecciones aprendidas. FORSETI - Revista de Derecho [online], 14(21), 138–161. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12483276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21678/forseti.v14i21.2658
Boin, A., et al., 2005. The Politics of Crisis Management: Public Leadership Under Pressure [online]. Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490880 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490880
Charlesworth, H., 1994. What are “Women’s International Human Rights”? In: R.J. Cook, ed., Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives [online]. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 58–84. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhxkd.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9783/9780812201666.58
Darden, J.T., 2023. Ukrainian Wartime Policy and the Construction of Women's Combatant Status. Women’s Studies International Forum [online], 96, 102665. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2022.102665 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2022.102665
Djakaridja, K., and Tiémélé, J.B., 2024. Analyse du potentiel et de l’efficience fiscale douanière des pays membre de l’UEMOA. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management [online], 3(4), 1037–1052. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13732422
Drozd, O., et al., 2022. Aspects of Implementation of the Law Enforcement Function of the State under the Legal Regime of Martial Law in Ukraine. Cuestiones políticas [online], 40(75), 569–580. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4075.34
Duque-Castaño, Y.P., Lukau-Quintero, C.E., and Ceballos-Ramírez, S.L., 2024. Análisis de la garantía del debido proceso en las actuaciones de la autoridad aduanera colombiana frente a las mercancías de importación. Profundidad: Construyendo Futuro [online] 20(20), 36–50. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22463/24221783.4320 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22463/24221783.4320
Dyzenhaus, D., 2006. The constitution of law: Legality in a time of emergency. Cambridge University Press [online]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511618246
Dziubynskyi, A., Dziubynska, O., and Shehynskyi, O., 2023. The Customs Policy in Conditions of Martial Law. Commodity Bulletin [online], 1(16), 98–104. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36910/6775-2310-5283-2023-17-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36910/6775-2310-5283-2023-17-8
Fazolo, D.B., and Do Valle, M.D.T., 2023. Reforma aduanera en Brasil: necesidad de armonización de las normas sancionadoras del derecho aduanero. Revista de la Secretaría del Tribunal Permanente de Revisión [online], 11(20), e487. Available at: https://doi.org/10.16890/rstpr.a11.n20.e487 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16890/rstpr.a11.n20.e487
Freitas, M., Moreira, A., and Ramos, F., 2023. Occupational Stress and Turnover Intentions in Employees of the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority: Mediating Effect of Burnout and Moderating Effect of Motivation. Administrative Sciences [online], 13(12), 251. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13120251 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13120251
Guedjali, A., 2023. Institution Douanière: Enjeux et Défis de la Modernisation par la Diversité. Revue des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société [online], 12(2), 681–719. Available at: https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/230216
Guilloux, V., and Mbassi, A.S., 2023. Capturer le ‘nous’ des relations réflexives comme mécanisme anti-corruption dans la mise en place de l’e-administration douanière: Le cas de SYDONIA au port de Douala. Paper presented at GT AIM Critiques, éthique et régulation des transformations numériques [online]. Nantes. Available at: https://hal.science/hal-04566090/
Kim, S., 2009. Revising Perry's measurement scale of public service motivation. The American Review of Public Administration [online], 39(2), 149–163. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074008317681 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074008317681
Kohut, O.V., 2024. Voiennyi stan chy stan viiny? Natsionalna bezpeka v umovakh viiny, pisliavoiennoi vidbudovy ta hlobalnykh vyklykiv XXI stolittia. In Zbirnyk tez dopovidei Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii z mizhnarodnoiu uchastiu, 12–13 hrudnia 2024 roku, Zhytomyr [online], 530–534. Available at: https://nung.edu.ua/sites/default/files/2025-02/%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%202024%20%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C3%29.pdf#page=530
Komziuk, V.T., et al., 2023. Promising Directions for Ensuring National Security under Martial Law. Lex Humana [online], 15(1), 509-520. Available at: https://seer.ucp.br/seer/index.php/LexHumana/article/view/2449
Konieczny, M., 2023. Fighting Cross-Border Crime as a Challenging Task of Polish Border Guard. Roczniki Administracji i Prawa [online], 23(3), 203–218. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9521
Laajaj, R., Eslava, M., and Kinda, T., 2023. The Costs of Bureaucracy and Corruption at Customs: Evidence from the Computerization of Imports in Colombia. Journal of Public Economics [online], 225, 104969. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104969
Law of Ukraine, 2015. On the Legal Regime of Martial Law, No. 389-VIII, adopted May 12, 2015 [online]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/389-19/ed20150512#Text
Law of Ukraine, 2024. On Amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine Regarding the Specifics of Service in Customs Authorities and the Certification of Customs Officials, No. 3977-XI, adopted September 17, 2024 [online]. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3977-20#Text
MacKinnon, C.A., 1989. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Maksymova, A., Varava, V., and Chackiewicz, M., 2022. The Influence of the Customs System on the Logistics System Under the Conditions of the State of Martial Law. Customs Scientific Journal [online], 1, 21–26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32782/2308-6971/2022.1.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2308-6971/2022.1.3
Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, 2023. Order No. 263 of May 19, 2023, on the Approval of the Regulation on the Unified Automated Information System of Customs Authorities. Official Gazette of Ukraine [online], 65(2), 865. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/z1132-23
Narindoshvili, A., 2023. Crimes Committed at Georgia’s Customs Border: Customs Control and Investigation. Master’s Thesis, Ilia State University, School of Law.
Nehrey, M., and Finger, R., 2024. Assessing the Initial Impact of the Russian Invasion on Ukrainian Agriculture: Challenges, Policy Responses, and Future Prospects. Heliyon [online], 10, e39208. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39208 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39208
Orlovskyi, R., and Kozak, V., 2024. Criminal Liability for Human Trafficking in the Context of the War in Ukraine: Challenges and Impact. Forensic Science International: Synergy [online], 9, 100558. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100558
Pavlenko, O., et al., 2023. Management of the grain supply chain during the conflict period: case study Ukraine. Acta logistica: International Scientific Journal about Logistics [online], 10(3), 393-402. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22306/al.v10i3.406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22306/al.v10i3.406
Pérez, A.A., et al., 2022. La aduana, una institución clave: Fortaleciendo la administración aduanera en un mundo de cambios [online]. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400246722.071 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400246722.071
Perry, J.L., and Wise, L.R., 1990. The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 367–373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/976618
Sardiko, V., 2024. Attitudes of Latvian External Border Custom Officers Towards Work. Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the 15th International Scientific and Practical Conference [online], vol. 4, 232–236. Available at: https://journals.rta.lv/index.php/ETR/article/view/8200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol4.8200
World Customs Organization, 2023. Gender Equality Organizational Assessment and Policy Toolkit [online]. Available at: https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/capacity-building/activities-and-programmes/gender-equality/gender-equality-assessment-tool.pdf
Yılmaz, E., and Taşar, S.A., 2024. Gümrük İşlemlerinde Blokzincir Teknolojisinin Rolü [The Role of Blockchain Technology in Customs Procedures]. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi [online], 12(2), 341–365. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1547517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14514/beykozad.1547517
Ylönen, M., and Aven, T., 2023. A New Perspective for the Integration of Intelligence and Risk Management in a Customs and Border Control Context. Journal of Risk Research [online], 26(4), 433–449. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2176912 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2023.2176912
Zúñiga Hernández, J.L., 2022. Aforo Aduanero Virtual: la tecnología al servicio del control aduanero y de la facilitación del comercio. Logos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales [online], 3(2), 49–57. Available at: https://catradeconsulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/REVISTA-LOGOS.-JL-ZUNIGA-1-9.pdf
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Oleksandr Cherkunov
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Sortuz: Oñati Journal of Emergent Socio-Legal Studies provides immediate open access to all its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
All articles are published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and publishing rights are held by the authors of the articles. We do, however, kindly ask for later publications to indicate Sortuz as the original source.
