Enforcement of the universality principle in combating cybercrime as a transnational crime
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/sz.iisl.2411Palabras clave:
Lucha contra la delincuencia, ciberdelincuencia, aplicación de la ley, delincuencia transnacional, principio de universalidadResumen
La ciberdelincuencia, como amenaza transnacional sin fronteras y tecnológicamente avanzada como ejemplifican el ransomware y las intrusiones transfronterizas, pone a prueba la jurisdicción penal, limitada territorialmente. Este artículo investiga si la jurisdicción universal se aplica a la ciberdelincuencia en el marco del derecho internacional vigente y evalúa el papel del Convenio de Budapest en los retos jurisdiccionales. Mediante métodos jurídicos normativos con enfoques doctrinales y comparativos, analiza los instrumentos internacionales, los principios del derecho penal y las opiniones académicas. Los resultados revelan que la ciberdelincuencia carece de estatus de jurisdicción universal en el derecho positivo; el Convenio de Budapest promueve la jurisdicción territorial y extraterritorial a través de la armonización del derecho interno y la cooperación, no de la universalidad. La confusión entre la jurisdicción universal y la extraterritorial genera confusión doctrinal e incertidumbre. El estudio aboga por distinciones más claras entre estas bases para reforzar la seguridad jurídica y facilitar la lucha contra la ciberdelincuencia transnacional.
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