Reframing End-of-Life Jurisprudence
Legal Contours, Bioethical Tensions, and the Evolving Right to Die with Dignity in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/sz.iisl/2379Palabras clave:
eutanasia pasiva, derecho a morir con dignidad, jurisprudencia sobre el final de la vida, bioética en la India, voluntades anticipadas (testamento vital)Resumen
Este artículo reflexiona sobre las cambiantes dimensiones jurídicas, éticas y culturales de la eutanasia, especialmente la eutanasia pasiva, tal como se contempla en el artículo 21 de la Constitución de la India. El documento traza los hitos jurídicos cruciales, desde Gian Kaur contra el Estado de Punjab (1996) hasta Aruna Shanbaug contra la Unión de la India (2011) y Common Cause contra la Unión de la India (2018), señalando la transición en la jurisprudencia judicial, en la que el derecho a morir con dignidad ha sido cada vez más reconocido. Se examinan las contradicciones conceptuales entre la autonomía y la inviolabilidad de la vida desde una perspectiva bioética global, contextualizando las experiencias indias. Incluso con los avances judiciales, la práctica de la eutanasia pasiva se ve ahogada por la hipotrofia procesal, la intransigencia institucional y el equívoco social. El documento también plantea cuestiones sobre la utilidad de los testamentos vitales, las limitaciones de la decisión de 2024 del Tribunal Superior de Delhi y el vacío legislativo existente. Defiende un enfoque de los cuidados al final de la vida basado en los derechos, culturalmente competente y legislativamente sólido, que respete la dignidad humana y la responsabilidad ética. Por último, exige una transición de la tolerancia judicial a la disposición sistémica y defiende la conveniencia humana y social de la reforma legislativa.
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