Opaque Transparency

Why California’s Supply Chain Transparency Act is Unenforceable

Egileak

  • Benjamin Thomas Greer

##plugins.pubIds.doi.readerDisplayName##:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0925

Gako-hitzak:

Human trafficking, supply chain transparency, California Forced Labor, SB657

Laburpena

Traffickers are dynamic, fluid operators; reacting well to consumer demand, under-regulated economic sectors, and easily adapting to exploit weaknesses in prevailing laws. Corporate globalization of storefronts and extensive manufacturing supply chains have contributed to human trafficking becoming the fastest growing criminal enterprise in the world. California’s legislative and social experiments are often models other governments look to for guidance. California is the first government to require businesses to disclose their anti-trafficking supply chain policies to their consumers. Under the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010 (CATSCA), large retailer sellers must conspicuously disclose on their web site their policies, if any, to detect and fight slave labor within their supply chain. This article explores the requirements of the CATSCA and will examine the legal effectiveness of the California transparency framework.

##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##

##plugins.generic.usageStats.noStats##

        Metrics

Views 456
Downloads:
PDF (English) 544


Erreferentziak

AP, 2012. Slave Labour Targeted in California Law, Social Media. The Gleaner [online], 3 January. Available from: http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20120103/news/news5.html [Accessed 4 December 2017].

California Alliance to Combat Trafficking and Slavery Task Force, 2007. Human Trafficking in California: Final Report [online]. Available from: http://www.ag.ca.gov/publications/Human_Trafficking_Final_Report.pdf [Accessed 1 December 2017].

Center for Women Policy Studies, 2005. Resource Guide for State Legislators. Model Provisions for State Anti-Trafficking Laws [online]. Washington, DC: The National Institute on State Policy on Trafficking of Women and Girls of the Center for Women Policy Studies. July. Available from: http://www.ncdsv.org/images/Resource%20Guide%20for%20State%20Legislators%20Trafficking.pdf [Accessed 4 December 2017].

Chuang, J., 2006. Beyond a Snapshot: preventing human trafficking in the global economy. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies [online], 13 (1), article 5. Available from: http://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1323&context=ijgls [Accessed 12 December 2016], 137-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/gls.2006.13.1.137

Clawson, J.H., Dutch, N., and Cummings, M., 2006. Law Enforcement Response to Human Trafficking and the Implications for Victims: Current Practices and Lessons Learned [online]. Report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. Available form: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/216547.pdf [Accessed 12 December 2016].

DeStefano, A.M., 2008. The War on Human Trafficking: U.S. Policy Assessed. NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Engle, E., 2004. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Market-Based Remedies for International Human Rights Violations? Willamette Law Review, 40, 103.

Fahey, D.L., 2009. Can Tax Policy Stop Human Trafficking? Georgetown Journal of International Law [online], 40 (2), 345-404. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1381283 [Accessed 1 December 2017].

Feldman, D., 2003. Conflict Diamonds, International Trade Regulation, and the Nature of Law. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, 24 (4), 835.

Fletcher, L.E., Bales, K., and Stover, E., 2005. Hidden Slaves: Forced Labor in the United States. Free the Slaves & University of California: Human Rights Center. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 23 (1), 47-111.

Galland, A., 2010. Toward a Safe, Just Workplace: Apparel Supply Chain Compliance Programs. San Francisco, CA: As You Sow.

Gebauer, S., 2011. Complying with the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act 2010. Compliance & Ethics Professional [online], August. Available from: http://www.ul.com/global/documents/verificationservices/businesssegments/RS/California%20Transparency%20Compliance.pdf [Accessed 12 December 2016].

González Marcos, M., 2011. Are you sure that your shirt is slavery-free?: California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010 [online]. Available from: http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/links/CaliforniaTrafficking2011.pdf [Accessed 14 June 2017].

Gorsen, M., and Bryden, D., 2015. UK Follows California’s Lead in Holding Companies Responsible for Slavery in Supply Chain. Supply & Demand Chain Executive [online], 12 August. Available from: http://www.sdcexec.com/article/12102329/uk-follows-californias-lead-in-holding-companies-responsible-for-slavery-in-supply-chain [Accessed 13 June 2017].

Harris, K.D., 2009. Smart on Crime. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books.

Harris, K.D., Attorney General, 2015. The California Transparency in Supply Chains Act. A Resource Guide [online]. California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General. Available from: https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/sb657/resource-guide.pdf [Accessed 4 December 2017].

Human Rights Center, 2005. Freedom Denied: Forced Labor in California [online]. Berkeley, CA: University of California. Available from: http://www.hrcberkley.org/download/freedomdenied.pdf [Accessed 1 December 2017].

Human Trafficking Awareness Coalition of Sarasota County, 2011. Statistics [online]. Available from: http://htsrq.weebly.com/statistics-and-information.html [Accessed 12 December 2017].

International Labour Organization, 2007. Statistics on forced labour, modern slavery and human trafficking [online]. Available from: http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/policy-areas/statistics/lang--en/index.htm [Accessed 12 December 2017].

Keenan, P.J., 2007. Do Norms still Matter? The Corrosive effects of Globalization on the vitality of Norms. University of Illinois College of Law: Law and Economics Working Papers [online], Paper 73. Available from: http://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1072&context=uiuclwps [Accessed 12 December 2017].

Kim, K., and Chang, G., 2007. Reconceptualizing Approaches to Human Trafficking: New Directions and Perspectives from the Field(s). Loyola-LA Legal Studies, Paper No. 2007-47.

Kumar, N., 2005. Reinforcing Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendment Principles in the Twenty-first Century: How to Punish Today's Masters and Compensate Their Immigrant Slaves. Rutgers Law Review, 58 (1), 303.

Lansink, A., 2004. Women and Migration Interim Report on Trafficking in Women [online]. Berlin: Committee on Feminism and International Law of the International Law Association. Available from: https://ila.vettoreweb.com/Storage/Download.aspx?DbStorageId=1102&StorageFileGuid=c5e88da9-340e-49d5-acd0-04e33ea881fb [Accessed 1 December 2017].

Locke, J., 1689/1988. Two Treatises of Government. Edited by Peter Laslett. Cambridge University Press, 305-306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810268

Locke, R., and Romis, M., 2007. Improving Work Conditions in a Global Supply Chain. MIT Sloan Management Review [online], winter. Available from: http://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/2007-winter/48212/improving-work-conditions-in-a-global-supply-chain/ [Accessed 12 December 2017].

Nagle, L.E., 2008. Selling Souls: the effect of globalization on human trafficking and forced servitude. Wisconsin International Law Journal [online], 26 (1). Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1823718 [Accessed 2 December 2017].

National Human Trafficking Resource Center, 2011. Increasing Awareness and Engagement: Strengthening the National Response to Human Trafficking in the U.S. Annual Report 2011 [online]. Available from: http://www.polarisproject.org/resources/hotline-statistics [Accessed 12 December 2017].

Panjabi, R.K.L., 2009. Born Free Yet Everywhere in Chains: global slavery in the twenty-first century. Denver Journal of International Law Policy, 37 (1).

Pierce, S.C., 2011. Turning a Blind eye: US Corporate Involvement in Modern Day Slavery. The Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, 14 (577), 595-600.

Polaris, 2014. Sex Trafficking in the U.S.: A Closer Look at U.S. Citizen Victims [online]. Available from: https://polarisproject.org/sites/default/files/us-citizen-sex-trafficking.pdf [Accessed 15 June 2017].

RugMark Foundation North America, 2008. Annual Report 2008 [online]. Available from: https://goodweave.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/2008_Annual_Report.pdf [Accessed 1 December 2017].

U.S. Department of Labor, 2011. U.S. Department of Labor’s List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor [online]. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of International Labor Affairs, Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking. Available from: https://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/pdf/2011TVPRA.pdf [Accessed 5 December 2017].

U.S. Department of State, 2010. Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 [online]. June. Available from: https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/142979.pdf [Accessed 4 December 2017].

U.S. Department of State, 2012. Trafficking in Persons Report 2012 [online]. June. Available from: https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2012/index.htm [Accessed 4 December 2017].

U.S. Department of State, 2016. Trafficking in Persons Report 2016 [online]. Available from: https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/258876.pdf [Accessed 4 December 2017].

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2006. Trafficking in Persons: Global Patterns [online]. Available from: http://www.unodc.org/pdf/traffickinginpersons_report_2006ver2.pdf [Accessed 15 June 2017].

##submission.downloads##

Argitaratuta

2018-03-01

##submission.howToCite##

Greer, B. T. (2018) «Opaque Transparency: Why California’s Supply Chain Transparency Act is Unenforceable», Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 8(1), or. 32–49. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0925.

Zenbakia

Atala

Trafficking for the Purpose of Labour Exploitation