Antigypsyism, legal culture and sentencing in Italy: A dialogue between sociology of law and critical Romani studies

Claudia Mantovan

doi:10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1300

Autores/as

Claudia Mantovan Università di Padova https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1482-8936

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1300

Palabras clave:

cultura jurídica, sentenciar, estudios críticos romaníes, Italia, antigitanismo

Resumen

Este artículo analiza la relación entre los gitanos y el derecho, combinando dos enfoques teóricos diferentes: uno, centrado en la cultura jurídica, y otro, basado en los estudios críticos sobre los gitanos. El modelo analítico resultante apoya 1) la adopción de un enfoque multinivel e interpretativo para examinar la cultura jurídica, y 2) la atención a los procesos de racialización y discriminación aplicados por la sociedad dominante, especialmente en el ámbito jurídico. El análisis saca a la luz las relaciones de influencia mutua entre los estereotipos dominantes sobre la población romaní y sinti, por un lado, y la cultura jurídica italiana y las sentencias, por otro. Este tema se examina en relación con el contexto histórico, político y cultural italiano y europeo en general, ya que la forma en que los actores jurídicos ven a los romaníes y a los sinti está fuertemente influenciada por su entorno social y político, y por los repertorios culturales dominantes de origen histórico.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Metrics

Views 389
Downloads:
12_6_Mantovan_OSLS (English) 166
XML_12_6_Mantovan_OSLS (English) 46

Biografía del autor/a

Claudia Mantovan, Università di Padova

Claudia Mantovan holds a Ph.D. in Sociology. She is currently fixed-term research assistant at the University of Padua, where she’s also member of the research group SLAN.G - Slanting Gaze on Social Control, Labor, Racism and Migration (http://www.slang-unipd.it). She carries out organizational and didactic activities within the inter-university master’s degree (University of Padua and Bologna) in “Critical Criminology and Social Security”. Her research focuses on the processes of criminalization and racialization of Roma people and immigrants, and their agency and bottom-up engagement in citizenship. In 2018 she obtained the National Scientific Habilitation as Associate Professor in Sociology of Political and Legal Phenomena. Contact details: University of Padua, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), via M. Cesarotti 10/12, 35123 Padova, Italy. Email address: claudia.mantovan@unipd.it

Citas

Arcuri, L., 1985. Conoscenza sociale e processi psicologici. Bologna: il Mulino.

Arrigoni, P., and Vitale, T., 2008. Quale legalità? Rom e gagi a confronto. Aggiornamenti sociali [online], 59(3), 182–194. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10281/5128 [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Associazione 21 Luglio, 2017. Rapporto annuale 2016 [online]. 7 April. Rome. Available from: https://www.21luglio.org/rapporto-annuale-2016/ [Accessed 28 October 2021].

Atkinson, J.M., and Drew, P., 1979. Order in Court: The Organization of Verbal Interaction in Judicial Settings. London: Macmillan.

Balloni, A., Mosconi, G., and Prina, F., eds., 2004. Cultura giuridica e attori della giustizia penale. Milan: FrancoAngeli.

Bentley, A.F., 1908. The Process of Government: A Study of Social Pressures. University of Chicago Press.

Blengino, C., 2019. Cultura giuridica interna e cultura giuridica esterna. In: A. Cottino, ed., Lineamenti di sociologia del diritto. Turin: Zanichelli, 163–211.

Bogdan, M., et al., 2018. Introducing the New Journal of Critical Romani Studies. Critical Romani Studies [online], 1(1), 2–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v1i1.19 [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Bourdieu, P., 1986. La force du droit: Eléments pour une sociologie du champ juridique. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales [online], 64(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.3406/arss.1986.2332 [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Bourdieu, P., 1994. Raisons pratiques. Paris: Seuil.

Brannigan, A., and Levy, J.C., 1983. The legal framework of plea bargaining. Canadian Journal of Criminology [online], 25(4), 399–420. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.25.4.399 [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Brantlinger, P., and Ulin, D., 1993. Policing Nomads: Discourse and Social Control in Early Victorian England. Cultural Critique, 25, 33–63.

Bravi, L., 2009. Tra inclusione ed esclusione: Una storia sociale dell’educazione dei rom e dei sinti in Italia. Milan: Unicopli.

Bravi, L., and Sigona, N., 2006. Educazione e rieducazione nei campi per “nomadi”: una storia. Studi emigrazione, 43(164), 857–874.

Brooks, E.C., 2012. The Possibilities of Romani Feminism. Signs, 38(1), 1–11.

Byrne, B., 2012. A Local Welcome? Narrations of Citizenship and Nation in UK Citizenship Ceremonies. Citizenship Studies [online], 16(3–4), 531–544. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2012.683265 [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Castles, S., and Davidson, A., 2000. Citizenship and Migration: Globalization and the Politics of Belonging. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Cherchi, R., and Loy, G., eds, 2009. Rom e sinti in Italia: Tra stereotipi e diritti negati. Rome: Ediesse.

Cotterrell, R., 2016. Law, Culture and Society. Legal Ideas in the Mirror of Social Theory. London/New York: Routledge.

Crenshaw, K.W., 1989. Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum [online], 1989(1), 139–167. Available from: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8 [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Crenshaw, K.W., 1991. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241–1299.

De Felice, D., forthcoming 2022. La cultura giuridica come processo sociale. In: R. Altopiedi, D. De Felice and V. Ferraris, eds., Comprendere la sociologia del diritto. Rome: Carocci.

de Maglie, C., 2010. I reati culturalmente motivati: Ideologie e modelli penali. Pisa: ETS.

De Vito, D., ed., 2019. Civil society monitoring report on implementation of the national Roma integration strategies II in Italy. Assessing progress in key policy areas of the strategy [online]. April. Prepared by Roma Civil Monitor. Brussels: European Commission. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/08397637-b1ae-11e9-9d01-01aa75ed71a1/language-en [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Dell’Agnese, E., and Vitale, T., 2007. Rom e sinti, una galassia di minoranze senza territorio. In: G. Amiotti and A. Rosina, eds., Identità ed integrazione. Passato e presente delle minoranze nell’Europa mediterranea. Milan: FrancoAngeli, 123–45.

El Tayeb, F., 2011. European Others: Queering Ethnicity in Postnational Europe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

European Roma Rights Center, ed., 2000. Il Paese dei campi: la segregazione razziale dei Rom in Italia. Rome: Carta.

European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC), et al., 2008. Security a la italiana: Fingerprinting, Extreme Violence and Harassment of Roma in Italy [online]. Brussels: ERRC. Available from: https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/sites/

default/files/fingerprinting_20080715.pdf [Accessed 28 October 2021].

Ferrari, V., 2004. Diritto e società: Elementi di sociologia del diritto. Rome/Bari: Laterza.

Florian, E., and Cavaglieri, G., 1987–1900. I vagabondi: Studio sociologico-giuridico. Turin: Bocca.

Fonseca, I., 1995. Bury Me Standing: The Gypsies and their Journey. New York: Vintage Books.

Friedman, L., 1975. The Legal System: A Sociological Science Perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Galimberti, T., 1943. Zingari. In: E. Florian, A. Niceforo and N. Pende, eds., Dizionario di criminologia (vol. 2). Milan: Dott. Francesco Vallardi, 1050–1053.

Garfinkel, H., 1956. Conditions of successful degradation ceremonies. American Journal of Sociology, 61(5), 420–424.

Garfinkel, H., 1963. A conception of, and experiments with “trust” as a condition of stable concerted actions. In: O.J. Harvey, ed., Motivation and Social Interaction. New York: Ronald Press, 187–238.

Garfinkel, H., and Sacks, H., 1970. On Formal Structures of Practical Actions. In: J. McKinney and E.A. Tiryakian, eds., Theoretical Sociology: Perspective and Developments. New York: Appleton Century Crofts.

Geertz, C., 1983. Local knowledge: fact and law in comparative perspective. In: C. Geertz, ed., Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books, 167–234.

Gianaria, F., and Mittone, A., 2014. Culture alla sbarra: Una riflessione sui reati multiculturali. Turin: Einaudi.

Giglioli, P.P., Cavicchioli, S., and Fele, G., 1997. Rituali di degradazione. Anatomia del processo Cusani. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Giovannetti, M., and Pastore, M., 2010. Review of the book: Saletti Salza, C., 2010. Dalla tutela al genocidio? Le adozioni dei minori rom e sinti in Italia. Rome: CISU. Diritto, immigrazione e cittadinanza, 12(3), 277–286.

Gluckman, M., 1963. The reasonable man in Barotse law. In: M. Gluckman, Order and Rebellion in Tribal Africa. New York: Free Press, 178–206.

Governatori, S., 2005. La debolezza dei rom di fronte al diritto: spunti dall’esperienza di un giudice. In: A. Simoni, Stato di diritto e identità rom. Turin: L’Harmattan Italia.

Grönfors, M., 1979. Ethnic Minorities and Deviance: The Relationship between the Finnish Gypsies and the Police. Helsinki University Press.

Grönfors, M., 1981. Police Perception of Social Problems and Clients: The Case of the Gypsies in Finland. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 9(4), 345–359.

Gross, H., 1903. La polizia giudiziaria: Guida pratica per l’istruzione dei processi criminali. Turin: Bocca.

Heuss, H., 2000. Anti-Gypsyism Is Not a New Phenomenon. Anti-Gypsyism Research: the Creation of a New Field of Study. In: T. Acton, ed., Scholarship and the Gypsy Struggle. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

Hotz, S., 2010. Understanding Legal Culture through the Intersection of Law, Culture and Gender. An example from Japanese Family Law. Journal of Comparative Law, 5(2), 194–215.

Izsàk, R., 2009. The European Romani Women’s Movement: The Struggle for Human Rights. Development, 52(2), 200–7.

Kóczé, A., 2009. The Limits of Rights-Based Discourse in Romani Women’s Activism: the Gender Dimension in Romani Politics. In: N. Sigona and N. Trehan, eds, Romani Politics in Contemporary Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 133–155.

Kóczé, A., 2018. Transgressing Borders: Challenging Racist and Sexist Epistemology. In: S. Beck and A. Ivasiuc, eds., Romani Activism: Reimagining Power and Knowledge. New York/Oxford: Berghahn Books, 111–128.

Komter, M.L., 1994. Accusations and Defences in Courtroom Interaction. Discourse Society, 5(2), 165–187.

Kurkchiyan, M., 2012. Comparing legal cultures: three models of court for small civil cases. In: D. Nelken, ed., Using Legal Culture. London: Wildy, 210–250.

Lamont, M., and Molnár, V., 2002. The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences. Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 28, 167–195.

Lamont, M., Morning, A., and Mooney, M., 2002. Particular universalisms: North African immigrants respond to French racism. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25(3), 390–414.

Lipsky, M., 1980. Street-level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Lynch, M., 1982. Closure and disclosure in pretrial argument. Human Studies, 5, 285–318.

Mai, N., 2008. Opportunità e sfide per l’intervento sociale rivolto a minori migranti [online]. Rome: Save the Children Italia. Available from: http://www.andreasermoneta.it/

images/files/rapporto_mai_def.pdf [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Mancini, L., 2018. La diversità culturale tra diritto e società. Milan: FrancoAngeli.

Matras, Y., 2015. The Romani Gypsies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Mayall, D., 2004. Gypsy Identies 1500–2000: From Egipcyans to Moon-men to the Ethnic Romany. London: Routledge.

Mosconi, G., and Padovan, D., eds, 2005. La fabbrica dei delinquenti: Processo penale e meccanismi sociali di costruzione del condannato. Turin: L’Harmattan Italia.

Nelken, D., 2004. Using the concept of legal culture. Australian Journal of Legal Philosophy [online], 29, 1–26. Available from: http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/

journals/AUJlLegPhil/2004/11.pdf [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Nelken, D., 2016. Comparative Legal Research and Legal Culture: Facts, Approaches and Values. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 12(1), 45–62.

Neveu, C., 1993. Communauté, nationalité et citoyenneté. De l’autre coté du miroir: les Bangladeshis de Londres. Paris: Karthala.

Panagia, S., 1976. Mendicità (diritto penale). In: Giuffrè, ed., Enciclopedia del diritto (vol. 26). Milan: Giuffrè.

Pannia, P., 2014. Grammatica di un’esclusione: i rom sotto processo. Studi sulla questione criminale, 1–2, 121–135.

Pasta, S., 2017. Rom: dopo l’“emergenza” a che punto siamo? Aggiornamenti sociali, 68 (11), 739–753.

Patrone, I., 1995. Il diritto diseguale. Ragazzi italiani ed extracomunitari davanti al giudice minorile. In: M. Cavallo, ed., Le nuove criminalità: Ragazzi vittime e protagonisti. Milan: FrancoAngeli, 101–110.

Pennisi, C., 2006. La trasparenza della cultura giuridica. Sociologia e ricerca sociale, 79, 45–54.

Phansalkar, A., 2004. A civilized savagery: The story of Stolen generations [online]. Available from: https://opinion.visualstories.com/civilized-savagery-story-of-stolen-generations [Accessed 28 October 2021].

Piasere, L., 1996. Stranieri “e” nomadi. In: P. Brunello, ed., L’urbanistica del disprezzo: Campi rom e società italiana. Rome: Manifestolibri, 23–27.

Piasere, L., 1999. Un mondo di mondi: Antropologia delle culture rom. Naples: L’Ancora.

Piasere, L., 2004. I Rom d’Europa. Bari: Laterza.

Piasere, L., 2010. Presentazione. I fanciulli della tredicesima notte. In: C. Saletti Salza, Dalla tutela al genocidio? Le adozioni dei minori rom e sinti in Italia. Rome: CISU, 15–25.

Picker, G., 2017. Racial Cities: Governance and the Segregation of Romani People in Urban Europe. London/New York: Routledge.

Pound, R., 1910. Law in Books and Law in Action. American Law Review, 44(1), 12–36.

Quassoli, F., 2002. Il sapere dei magistrati: un approccio etnografico allo studio delle pratiche giudiziarie. In: A. Dal Lago and R. De Biasi, eds., Un certo sguardo: Introduzione all’etnografia sociale. Rome/Bari: Laterza, 197–217.

Quiroz Vitale, M.A., 2018. L’esperienza giuridica e la trasmissione culturale. In: C. Pennisi et al., eds, Amministrazione, cultura giuridica e ricerca empirica. Santarcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli, 33–49.

Ryder, A.R., 2019. A Game of Thrones: Power Struggles and Contestation in Romani Studies. International Journal of Roma Studies [online], 1(2), 120–143. Available from: https://doi.org/10.17583/ijrs.2019.4197 [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Saletti Salza, C., 2010. Dalla tutela al genocidio? Le adozioni dei minori rom e sinti in Italia. Rome: CISU.

Santoro, E., 2010. Diritto come questione sociale: la prospettiva della sociologia del diritto. In: E. Santoro, ed., Diritto come questione sociale. Turin: Giappichelli, IX–XVI.

Schütz, A., 1979. Sulle realtà multiple. In: A. Schütz, Saggi sociologici. Turin: Utet.

Selling, J., 2018. Assessing the Historical Irresponsibility of the Gypsy Lore Society in Light of Romani Subaltern Challenges. Critical Romani Studies [online], 1(1), 44–61. Available from: https://doi.org/10.29098/crs.v1i1.15 [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Sibley, D., 1981. Outsiders in Urban Societies. Oxford: Blackwell.

Sigona, N., 2003. How Can a “Nomad” Be a Refugee? Kosovo Roma and Labelling Policy in Italy. Sociology, 37(1), 69–79.

Simoni, A., 2008. I decreti “emergenza nomadi”: il volto nuovo di un vecchio problema. Diritto, immigrazione, cittadinanza, 10(3–4), 44–56.

Simoni, A., 2009. Appunti per una “lettura romanì” del “pacchetto sicurezza”. Diritto, immigrazione, cittadinanza, 11(4), 217–230.

Simoni, A., 2011a. Il “problema di una gente vagabonda”. Retrospettiva sulla percezione degli “zingari” nella cultura giuridica italiana. In: P. Bonetti, A. Simoni and T. Vitale, La condizione giuridica di Rom e Sinti in Italia (vol. II). Milan: Giuffré, 1276–1304.

Simoni, A., 2011b. Roma and Legal Culture: Roots and Old and New Faces of a Complex Equality Issue. European Anti-Discrimination Law Review [online], 13, 11–9. Available from: https://www.migpolgroup.com/_old/public/

docs/200.European_Anti-discrimination_Law_Review_13_19.01.2012_EN.pdf [Accessed 3 March 2022].

Simoni, A., 2014. Dietro il legislatore, nulla: note esterofile sulla tutela della lingua di rom e sinti in Italia. In: P. Caretti and A. Cardone, eds., Lingue e Diritti II. Florence: Emmeci Digital Media, 69–76.

Simoni, A., 2015. Postfazione. In: S. Tosi Cambini, La zingara rapitrice: Racconti, denunce, sentenze (1986–2007). Rome: CISU, 157–62.

Simoni, A., 2019. Rom, antiziganismo e cultura giuridica: Prospettive di analisi. Rome: CISU.

Stasolla, C., 2020. La razza zingara. Dai campi nomadi ai villaggi attrezzati: lo “scarto umano” in venticinque anni di storia. Todi: Tau.

Sudnow, D., 1983. Reati normali. Aspetti sociologici del codice penale nella difesa d’ufficio. In: P.P. Giglioli and A. Dal Lago, eds., Etnometodologia. Bologna: il Mulino, 145–176.

Taylor, B., 2015. Another Darkness, Another Dawn: A History of Gypsies, Roma and Travellers. London: Reaktion Books.

Tosi Cambini, S., 2015. La zingara rapitrice: Racconti, denunce, sentenze (1986–2007). Rome: CISU.

Vallés, M.H., and Nafstad, I., 2020. The persistent oppression of Roma in the legal field: from outlaws to epistemic violence. In: O. Pérez de la Fuente, M. Falcão, and J.D. Oliva Martínez, eds., Struggles for Recognition: Cultural Pluralism and Rights of Minorities. Madrid: Dykinson.

Vincze, E., 2014. The Racialization of Roma in the “New” Europe and the Political Potential of Romani Women. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 21(4), 435–42.

Zito, M., 2011. Razzismo “fuori posto”. Una ricerca antropologica sulle violenze ai danni dei rom nel quartiere Ponticelli di Napoli (13 maggio 2008). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Naples “L’Orientale”, unpublished.