Hate crime, policing, and the deployment of racial and cultural diversity

Timothy Bryan

doi:10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1129

Autores/as

Timothy Bryan Dalhousie University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1129

Palabras clave:

delitos de odio, labor policial, raza y diversidad

Resumen

Este artículo examina la forma en que se moviliza y despliega la diversidad como una forma de respuesta a los delitos de odio en el servicio de policía regional de York (Canadá), y la forma en que el compromiso con la diversidad racial y cultural, que forma parte del marco de la política sobre delitos de odio, es interpretado por los miembros de la policía que están en primera línea de la lucha contra los delitos de odio. Las políticas y entrenamientos especializados sobre delitos de odio en Ontario se desarrollaron alrededor de dos focos principales: 1) la preocupación tradicional de la policía por las técnicas apropiadas de investigación, la recolección de pruebas y documentación y los roles y responsabilidades de los y las policías; y 2) nuevas preocupaciones acerca del cuidado de las víctimas, las relaciones sociales, y el compromiso con la diversidad racial y cultural. Partiendo de entrevistas con miembros de la policía destinados en las cinco divisiones del Servicio, el artículo muestra cómo el compromiso con la diversidad inserto en el abordaje policial al delito de odio existe en paralelo y en conflicto con las percepciones de los y las policías de la diversidad como fuente del problema del odio.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Metrics

Views 2009
Downloads:
PDF (English) 1525

Biografía del autor/a

Timothy Bryan, Dalhousie University

Tim Bryan is a sociologist and socio-legal scholar whose primary research interests involve the policing of hate crime, race and racism, Canadian multiculturalism and criminal justice in Canada. Dr. Bryan’s current research examines the policing of hate crime by municipal police services, particularly the way commitments to racial and cultural diversity, and efforts to improve police-community relations inform the intervention strategies of police. Dr. Bryan has conducted policy research for the Ontario Association of Chiefs of Police on law enforcement efforts to combat hate crime in Ontario, and has presented his findings to municipal police services in Ontario.

Citas

Ahmed, S., 2000. Strange Encounters: Embodied Others in Post-Coloniality. New York: Routledge.

Ahmed, S., 2004. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. New York: Routledge.

Ahmed, S., 2012. On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life. Durham: Duke University Press.

Bannerji, H., 2000. The Dark Side of the Nation: Essays on Multiculturalism, Nationalism and Gender. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.

Bell, J., 2002. Policing Hatred: Law Enforcement, Civil Rights and Hate Crime. New York University Press.

Berman, M., 2014. Investigations, outrage follow police chokehold and Eric Garner’s death. The Washington Post [online], 21 July. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/07/21/investigations-outrage-follow-police-chokehold-and-eric-garners-death/ [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Boyd, E., Berk, E., and Hamner, K., 1996. Motivated by Hatred or Prejudice: Categorization of hate-motivated crime in two police divisions. Law & Society Review [online], 30, 819–850. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/3054119 [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Buchanan, L., et al., 2015. What Happened in Ferguson? The New York Times [online], 10 August. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/us/ferguson-missouri-town-under-siege-after-police-shooting.html [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Canada, Minister of Justice, 1966. Report to the Minister of Justice of the Special Committee on Hate Propaganda in Canada-Cohen Report. Ottawa: Queen’s Printer.

Canadian Multiculturalism Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 24 (4th Supp.)).

Chakraborti, N., and Garland, J., 2010. Hate Crime: Impact, Causes and Responses. London: Sage.

Chakraborti, N., ed., 2010. Hate Crime: Concepts, Policy, Future Directions. Devon: Willan.

Chan, W., and Chunn, D., 2014. Racialization, Crime, and Criminal Justice in Canada. University of Toronto Press.

Day, R., 1998. Constructing the official Canadian: a genealogy of the mosaic methophor in state policy discourse. Topia [online], vol. 2, 42–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3138/topia.2.42 [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Fitzsimmons, E., 2014. Video Shows Cleveland Officer Shot Boy in 2 Seconds. The New York Times [online], 26 November. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/27/us/video-shows-cleveland-officer-shot-tamir-rice-2-seconds-after-pulling-up-next-to-him.html [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Griffiths, C.T., Parent, R.B., and Whitelow, B., 2001. Community Policing in Canada. Toronto: Neilson.

Hage, G., 2000. White Nation: Fantasies of White Supremacy within a Multicultural Society. London: Routledge.

Hall, N., 2012. Policing hate crime in London and New York City: Some reflections on the factors influencing effective law enforcement, service provision and public trust and confidence. International Review of Victimology [online], 18(1), 73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269758011422477 [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Haque, E., 2012. Multiculturalism within a Bilingual Framework: Language, Race, and Belonging in Canada. University of Toronto Press.

Henry, F., et al., 2017. The Equity Myth: Racialization and Indigeneity at Canadian Universities. Vancouver/Toronto: UBC Press.

Iganski, P., ed., 2002. The Hate Debate: Should Hate Be Punished as a Crime? London: Profile Books.

Jiwani, Y., 2011. Hierarchies of Worthiness: Women and Victimhood in Canadian Media. Briarpatch [online], 6 May. Available from: https://briarpatchmagazine.com/articles/view/hierarchies-of-worthiness [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Karimi, F., Shoichet, C.E., and Ellis, R., 2016. Dallas Sniper Attack: 5 Officers Killed, Suspect Identified. CNN [online], 9 July. Available from: https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/08/us/philando-castile-alton-sterling-protests/index.html [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Kazarian, S., et al., 2007. Diversity Issues in Law Enforcement. Toronto: Emond.

Lentin, A., 2014. Post-race, post politics: the paradoxical rise of culture after multiculturalism. Ethnic and Racial Studies [online],37(8), 1268–1285. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2012.664278 [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Mackey, E., 2002. The House of Difference: Cultural Politics and National Identity in Canada. University of Toronto Press.

O’Shea, K., 2016. Walter Scott shooting: Officer said his mind was like “spaghetti”. CNN [online], 30 November. Available from: https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/29/us/michael-slager-murder-trial-walter-scott/index.html [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Ontario Police College, 2007. Responding to Hate Crimes: An Ontario Police Officer’s Guide to Investigation and Prevention [online]. Toronto: Ontario Police College. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12389/20235 [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Perry, B., 2001. In the Name of Hate: Understanding Hate Crimes. New York: Routledge.

Pitman, R., Russell, J., and Burbach, D., 1993. Report on Hate Group Activity in Ontario Environmental Scan. Solicitor General Canada, Ontario Regional Office.

Police Services Act, R.S.O. 1990.

Razack, S., 2008. Casting Out: The Eviction of Muslims from Western Law and Politics. University of Toronto Press.

Roberts, J., and Hastings, A., 2001. Sentencing in Cases of Hate-Motivated Crime: An Analysis of Subparagraph 718.2(a)(i) of the Criminal Code. Queen’s Law Journal, 27, 93–128.

Rosen, P., 1994. Hate Propaganda. Ottawa: Library of Parliament Research Branch.

Rowe, M., 2012. Policing, Race and Racism. London: Routledge.

Shaffer, M., 1995. Criminal Responses to Hate-Motivated Violence: Is Bill C-41Tough Enough? McGill Law Journal, 41, 200–251.

Statistics Canada, 2016. Census Profile: York, Regional Municipality [Census Subdivision] [online]. Ottawa. Available from: http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=3519&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=York&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Population&TABID=3 [Accessed 11 August 2018].

Stout, B., 2010. Equality and Diversity in Policing. Exeter: Learning Matters.

Tator, C., and Henry, F., 2006. The Dominant Discourses of White Public Authorities: Narratives of Denial, Deflection, and Oppression. In: C. Tator and F. Henry, Racial Profiling in Canada: Challenging the Myth of a “Few Bad Apples”. Toronto University Press, 123–150.

Thobani, S., 2007. Exalted Subjects: Studies in the Making of Race and Nation in Canada. University of Toronto.

Tilley, N., 2003. Community Policing, Problem-oriented Policing and Intelligence led Policing. In: T. Newburn, ed., Handbook of Policing. Compton: Willan, 311–339.

Toronto Police Service, no date. Community Consultative Process [online]. Available from: http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/community/ccc.php [Accessed 10 September 2020].

Weigel, D., 2016. Texas Republicans blame Black Lives Matter for Shooting of Dallas Police. The Washington Post [online], 8 July. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/08/texas-republicans-blame-black-lives-matter-for-shooting-of-dallas-police/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ba3dff3b90eb [Accessed 10 September 2020].

York Regional Police Service, 2016a. Annual Statistical Report. Aurora: York Regional Police.

York Regional Police Service, 2016b. Diversity, Equity and Inclusion [online]. Aurora: York Regional Police. Available from: https://www.yrp.ca/en/about/Diversity-Equity-and-Inclusion.asp?_mid_=336 [Accessed 10 September 2020].

York Regional Police Service, 2017. Annual Statistical Report. Aurora: York Regional Police.

York Regional Police Service, 2018. Annual Statistical Report. Aurora: York Regional Police.