Gender-based Violence and ‘Feminicide’ in Queer Italian Movements: Questioning Gender, Sexuality, and the (Hetero)normative Order
Keywords:
Gender-based violence, feminicide, queer Italian movements, criminalization/victimisation processes, security policies, heteronormativity, Violencia de género, feminicidio, movimientos queer italianos, procesos de criminalización y victimización, políticaAbstract
This article describes the development of the Italian feminist political lexicon on gender-based violence within the security frame in the last years. After the description of the historical main issues developed by feminism during the Seventies about the relation between gender-based violence, women’s self-determination and criminal law, this paper describes the new framework of feminist and queer movements against the security policies on gender-based violence adopted by the Italian government since 2007. On the one hand, feminist movements criticized the processes of criminalization and victimization produced by the security frame and denounced the underlying nexus between sexism and racism. On the other hand, they addressed the essentialism deriving from these processes. Despite the mainstream vocabulary used the term “feminicide” in order to focus on its victimizing and alarmist aspects, contemporary feminist and queer movements thus addressed gender-based violence as a problem related to the gender stereotypes and sexist prejudices by deconstructing concepts such as gender, sexuality, and (hetero)patriarchy. In this perspective, gender-based violence is not only a form of dominion by men of women, but it also takes the shape of differential forms of inclusion and exclusion of LGBTQI persons in the neoliberal system, as in the case of homo- and trans-phobia
Este artículo describe el desarrollo en los últimos años del léxico político feminista italiano sobre violencia de género en el marco de la seguridad. Después de describir los principales hitos históricos desarrollados por el feminismo en los años setenta, sobre la relación entre la violencia de género, la autodeterminación de las mujeres y el derecho penal, este artículo describe el nuevo marco de los movimientos feministas y queer contra las políticas de seguridad sobre violencia de género adoptadas por el gobierno italiano desde 2007. Por un lado, los movimientos feministas criticaron los procesos de criminalización y la victimización producida por el marco de seguridad y denunció la conexión subyacente entre sexismo y racismo. Por otro lado, abordaron el esencialismo derivado de estos procesos. A pesar de que el vocabulario convencional utilizaba el término “feminicidio” para hacer hincapié en la victimización y sus aspectos alarmistas, los movimientos feministas y queer contemporáneos abordaron así la violencia de género como un problema relacionado con los estereotipos de género y los prejuicios sexistas, desmontando conceptos como género, sexualidad y (hetero)patriarcado. En esta perspectiva, la violencia de género no es sólo una forma de dominio de los hombres sobre las mujeres, sino que en el sistema neoliberal también asume formas diferenciales de inclusión y exclusión de las personas LGBTQI, como en el caso de la homo- y trans-fobia.
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