Governance in Times of <em>Globalisation</em>: the Kaleidoscope of the Legal System
Palavras-chave:
Globalisation, hard law, soft law, governance, legal kaleidoscope, Globalización, leyes "duras", leyes "blandas", gobernanza, caleidoscopio legalResumo
In the last few decades, the West has been deeply transformed by globalisation; global markets have been replacing national economies and states have been losing their legislative and executive powers. The global economy is imposing its own standards, such as the so-called Brazilianisation of the West, consisting of labour changes inspired by typical Brazilian features (low wages, flexibility and insecurity). In such a context, a question arises: how is the legal system changing? Sociology of law has indicated legal transformations in terms of soft law, such as lex mercatoria, codes of conduct, etc. This informal system seems to constitute a legal kaleidoscope where global and local players are involved, rather than an effective legal system. From this perspective, globalisation can also be considered the legal premise of governance, based on the participation of social parties to policy and law-making processes. The aim of this article is to focus on legal transformations in times of globalisation, stressing the governance approach as a legal kaleidoscope capable of managing social inequalities, different distributions of power and knowledge and the other perverse effects determined by globalisation.
En las últimas décadas, la globalización ha transformado profundamente Occidente; los mercados mundiales han ido sustituyendo a las economías nacionales y los Estados han ido perdiendo sus poderes legislativo y ejecutivo. La economía mundial está imponiendo sus propias normas, como la denominada brasileñización de Occidente, que consiste en implantar cambios laborales inspirados en las características típicas de Brasil (salarios bajos, flexibilidad e inseguridad). En este contexto, surge una pregunta: ¿cómo está cambiando el sistema legal? La sociología jurídica ha apuntado transformaciones legales en materia de leyes "blandas", como la lex mercatoria, códigos de conducta, etc. Este sistema informal parece constituir un caleidoscopio legal en el que están implicados actores globales y locales, en lugar de un sistema jurídico eficaz. Desde esta perspectiva, también se puede considerar la globalización como la premisa legal de gobierno, basado en la participación de los agentes sociales en los procesos políticos y legislativos. El objetivo de este artículo es centrarse en las transformaciones jurídicas en la era de la globalización, haciendo hincapié en el enfoque de la gobernabilidad como un caleidoscopio jurídico capaz de gestionar las desigualdades sociales, las diferentes distribuciones de poder y conocimiento y otros efectos negativos condicionados por la globalización.
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