Labour Human Rights in Portugal: Challenges to Their Effectiveness
Palavras-chave:
Labour human rights, labour relations, ILO, International Labour Organization, soft law, decent work, Derechos humanos laboraes, relaciones laborales, OIT, Organización Internacional del Trabajo, "leyes blandas", trabajo decenteResumo
This article discusses the relationship between Portugal and the International Labour Organization (ILO), considering the extent to which the ILO’s system of international labour standards is recognised at the national level in the context of labour law and labour relations, and observes the ILO’s special procedures (complaints and representations) in the field of international labour human rights. The use of the ILO’s system of complaints and representations by national social actors is relevant for the configuration of the Portuguese labour relations system, considering that the changes and tensions emerging from labour relations gain expression and voice within these mechanisms. In order to assess the effectiveness of national laws and regulations, we analyse the effects of ILO’s special control mechanisms on the state, law and labour relations system. Indeed, the use of the ILO’s complaints and representations system seems to reveal the ineffectiveness of labour human rights in Portugal. The ILO’s special procedures are analysed according to three functions: a political function as a result of the mediation state/labour civil society; an instrumental/procedural function referring to the regulation of conflicts; and a symbolic function related to the setting/expression of social expectations. The soft law characteristics associated with this mechanism as well as its results are also considered.
En este artículo se analiza la relación entre Portugal y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), teniendo en cuenta el grado en que el sistema de normas laborales internacionales de la OIT es reconocido a nivel nacional en el contexto del derecho laboral y las relaciones laborales, y observa los procedimientos especiales (quejas y reclamaciones) de la OIT en el ámbito de los derechos humanos laborales internacionales. Para la configuración del sistema de relaciones laborales portugués, es relevante el uso que actores sociales nacionales hacen del sistema de quejas y reclamaciones de la OIT, considerando que los cambios y tensiones que emergen de las relaciones laborales adquieren expresión y voz dentro de estos mecanismos. Con el fin de evaluar la eficacia de las leyes y regulaciones nacionales, se analizan los efectos de los mecanismos especiales de control de la OIT sobre el sistema de relaciones estatal, legal y laboral. De hecho, el uso del sistema de quejas y reclamaciones de la OIT parece revelar la ineficacia de los derechos humanos laborales en Portugal. Se analizan los procedimientos especiales de la OIT en base a tres funciones: una función política como consecuencia de la mediación estado/sociedad civil laboral; una función instrumental/procedimental en relación con la regulación de conflictos; y una función simbólica relacionada con el marco/expresión de expectativas sociales. También se consideran las características de las "leyes blandas" asociadas con este mecanismo, además de sus resultados.
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