La Mise en Oeuvre et les Mutations d’un Problème Public: Les Violences Faites aux Femmes dans le Canton de Genève (Implementation and Mutations of a Public Problem: Violence Against Women in the Canton of Geneva)
Palavras-chave:
Violence against women, Public problems, Public Action and gender, Violence envers les femmes, Problèmes publics, Action publique et genre, Violencia hacia las mujeres, problemas públicos, acción pública y géneroResumo
Violence against women (VAW) has become an issue for public action and a subject of controversy and debate in the public arena. The occurrences of VAW are - at least in part - reported by public authorities and public policies are designed to combat it, by means of prevention campaigns, setting up of shelters or counselling services. All these measures bring together a range of institutional and non-institutional actors. VAW is furthermore the focus of specific laws, but we know little about the emergence of the regulation of VAW in Switzerland.
In this article, we will present preliminary results of the developpment of policies adressing domestic violence in the canton of Geneva, focusing on the political arena and analysing the definitional work done by two associations. These case studies show that the concept of gender violence has been marginalized and replaced by a new understanding of the phenomenon of gender violence, which is presented most often in a symmetrical, psychological and racialized way.
Les violences faites aux femmes font l'objet de débats et de controverses et sont désormais un problème public qui réunit une pluralité d'acteurs institutionnels et non institutionnels. Outre diverses législations en la matière, de multiples actions et politiques publiques ont été élaborées dans des contextes variés, sous forme de campagnes de prévention, de création de refuges et de centres de conseils. Dans ce contexte, on ne sait que peu de choses de l'émergence de la régulation de ces violences en Suisse et des diverses formes qu'elle a prises.
Cet article présente des résultats provisoires concernant la prise en charge des violences domestiques dans le canton de Genève, en se centrant sur la scène politique et en analysant le travail définitionnel effectué par deux associations hégémoniques dans le domaine. Ces études de cas permettent d'affirmer que le concept de violence de genre a été marginalisé et remplacé par une nouvelle compréhension du phénomène, présentée le plus souvent de façon symétrique, psychologique et racialisée.
La violencias hacia las mujeres es objeto de debates y controversias, y es a la vez un problema público reuniendo una pluralidad de actores institucionales y no institucionales. Hoy en día, existen una variedad de legislaciones, múltiples acciones y políticas públicas desarrolladas en diversos contextos, como las campañas de prevención, la creación de centros de acogida y centros de consejo. En el marco de estas acciones no se sabe nada de la emergencia de las regulaciones de esta violencia en Suiza y las diferentes formas que ésta ha tomado.
Este artículo presenta los resultados relativos al trato de las violencias domesticas en el cantón de Ginebra, centrándonos en la escena política y analizando el trabajo histórico definicional efectuado por dos asociaciones hegemónicas en la materia. Estos estudios de caso permiten afirmar que el concepto de violencia de género se ha ido marginalizando y ha sido remplazado por otra concepción del fenómeno estableciendo una simetrización, psicologización y racialización del problema.
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