We Are Not Born Alone and We Do Not Die Alone: Protecting Intergenerational Solidarity and Refraining Cain-ism Through Forced Heirship
Palavras-chave:
Civil Law, Forced heirship, wills, family, succession, Legítima, testamento, familia, sucesiones, Derecho civil,Resumo
In the current academic debate on family and succession law, the abolition or reform of forced heirship is often advocated. It is argued that this institution does not respond to the expectations and needs of today’s society. In the realm of freedom embodied by testate succession by will, the mandatory share is framed as a contradictory restriction on the individual right to decide freely. This paper contributes to the debate on the legal and social basis of forced heirship by offering a moderate defence of the institution. I argue that forced heirship actually protects individual choice while also respecting intergenerational ties. Moreover, the institution restrains competition and opportunistic behavior among siblings. It reflects the reality that we are alone in neither birth nor death and it reins in the Cain-like tendencies that threaten to tear apart families.
En el debate académico reciente sobre el Derecho de Familia y Sucesiones es un lugar común plantear la reforma o la abolición de la legítima. Se argumenta que esta institución no responde a las expectativas y necesidades de la sociedad actual. En un reino de libertad, como es el de la sucesión testada, la legítima supone una restricción contradictoria con el derecho de las personas a decidir libremente sobre una parte de su patrimonio. Este trabajo intenta contribuir al debate sobre los fundamentos jurídicos y sociales de la institución de la legítima, así como sobre su mantenimiento, con la discusión de algunos de los argumentos en su contra, ofreciendo una moderada defensa de la misma, sobre la base de considerar que todavía existen buenas razones para abogar en su favor. La legítima protege la libertad individual respetando a la vez los vínculos intergeneracionales, y previene las conductas oportunistas y la competencia entre hermanos, Este instituto refleja el hecho que no estamos solos al nacer ni tampoco cuando morimos, y puede ser útil para mitigar el cainismo que tanto amenaza la convivencia familiar.
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