Schopenhauer’s Mitleid, Environmental Outrage and Human Rights
Palavras-chave:
Schopenhauer, environment, human rights, outrage, ethics, compassion, narratives, inquiries, tribunals. Schopenhauer, medio ambiente, derechos humanos, indignación, ética, compasión, narrativas personales, consultas, tribunales.Resumo
Suffering which results from environmental exposures often evokes a sense of moral outrage. In this paper, two complementary sources of grounding for that outrage are explored: Arthur Schopenhauer's close analysis of compassion, grounded in the metaphysical identity of all being, provides explanatory grounding for moral outrage as well as for the long-recognized importance of personal narratives in human rights work. Secondly, the broadly endorsed human rights tradition provides an additional confirmatory, more public, level of validation for moral outrage. Human rights norms confirm what the experience of compassion first intuited. Three practical implications for environmental activism follow: 1) the importance of personal narratives detailing the direct impacts that environmental assaults have caused; 2) the practical value of formal, detailed human rights impact assessments specified to a given situation; and 3) the value of community-led public inquiries, such as the 2006 People's Inquiry in New Zealand (Goven et al. 2007) and the 2011 Permanent People's Tribunal (2011) in India.
El sufrimiento que resulta de la exposición ambiental a menudo evoca un sentimiento de indignación moral. En este trabajo se analizan dos fuentes complementarias de nociones para la indignación: un análisis detallado de Arthur Schopenhauer sobre la compasión, basada en la identidad metafísica de todo ser, que ofrece nociones explicativas para la indignación moral, así como para la reconocida importancia de las narrativas personales en el trabajo de los derechos humanos. En segundo lugar, la ampliamente respaldada tradición de los derechos humanos proporciona una confirmación adicional y más pública del nivel de validación de indignación moral. Las normas de derechos humanos confirman lo que la experiencia de la compasión intuyó primero. A continuación, se incluyen tres implicaciones prácticas para el activismo medioambiental: 1) la importancia de las narrativas personales que detallan los efectos directos causados por las agresiones del medio ambiente; 2) el valor práctico de las evaluaciones formales y detalladas de impacto de los derechos humanos, especificadas para una situación dada, y 3) el valor de las consultas públicas lideradas por la comunidad, tales como la consulta popular del 2006 en Nueva Zelanda (Goven et al. 2007) y el Tribunal Popular Permanente de 2011 en la India (Permanent People's Tribunal 2011).
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