The unique Basque peace process
Linking Basque and European generations for global transitional justice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1123Palavras-chave:
Transitional justice, Basque peace process, unilateral measures, amnesty, memory politics, truth and reconciliation commissionsResumo
This paper considers the recent and unique case of transitional justice in the Basque Country. Its uniqueness, from a comparative perspective, lies in its unilateral character. It is mostly through the pressure of Basque Society, together with the tough stance of the criminal justice system of Spain that ETA has dissolved. The analysis of this process thus discusses some issues of transitional justice, in tension with formal or traditional justice, and the relevance of this new field in Europe, Spain and the Basque Country. The paper spells out the most significant initiatives in the field of transitional justice adopted in the Basque case, stressing the importance of civil society, and the range of issues arising in a post-conflict situation where different agents have significantly different agendas. The paper concludes by suggesting steps towards an inclusive agenda on memory and narratives of the conflict capable of delivering truth and reconciliation.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads:
PDF (English) 346
Referências
Aduriz, I., 2019a. ETA y Catalunya: las prioridades en la estrategia de la renovada dirección del PP. Eldiario.es [online], 2 August. Available from: https://www.eldiario.es/politica/ETA-Catalunya-prioridades-estrategia-Casado_0_927057467.html [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Aduriz, I., 2019b. Víctimas de ETA responden a la nueva estrategia del PP: “Utilizan el dolor ajeno con intereses partidistas”. Eldiario.es [online], 6 August. Available from: https://www.eldiario.es/politica/Victimas-ETA-PP-sufrimiento-Dejen_0_928107674.html [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Aguilar, P., 2001. Justice, Politics and Memory in the Spanish Transition. In: A. Barahona de Brito, C. Gonzalez Enriquez and P. Aguilar, eds., The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies [online]. Oxford University Press, 92-118. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/0199240906.003.0004 [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/0199240906.003.0004
Bell, C., 2009. Transitional Justice, Interdisciplinarity and the State of the “Field” or “Non-Field”. International Journal of Transitional Justice [online], 3(1), 5-27. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijn044 [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijn044
Bengoetxea, J., 2011. Seven Theses on Spanish Justice to understand the Prosecution of Judge Garzón. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 1(9). Available from: http://opo.iisj.net/index.php/osls/article/view/48 [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Bengoetxea, J., Jung, H., and Nuotio, K., eds., 2013. Ultima Ratio, a principle at risk. European perspectives. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 3(1). Available from: http://opo.iisj.net/index.php/osls/issue/view/20/showToc [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Bilbao, G., 2013. Una difícil pero imprescindible recuperación social tras la violencia. Galde, nº 1, pp. 10-11.
Bullain, I., 2010. Revolucionarismo Patriótico. El Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Vasco (MLNV): Origen, ideología, estrategia y organización. Madrid: Tecnos.
Closa, C., 2011. Dealing with the Past: Memory and European Integration [online]. Jean Monnet Working Paper 01/11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1972355 [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1972355
Corradetti, C., 2013. Editor’s introduction. Philosophy of Transitional Justice: Conceptual Problems and Political Perspectives. In: C. Corradetti et al., eds., Special Issue: Philosophy of Transitional Justice. Philosophy of Transitional Justice, Forthcoming [online]. MultiRights Research Paper nº 13-2; University of Oslo Faculty of Law Research Paper nº 2013-08. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2213708 [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Davies, P., 2018. Basque bar fight trial tests 10 years of fragile peace in the region. The Guardian [online], 14 April. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/14/basque-country-bar-fight-high-court-ruling-terror-related [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Duplá, A., 2013. Carlos Beristain. Entrevista. Galde, nº 2 (Spring), pp. 4-7.
EFE, 2013. Un juez imputa al alcalde de Gernika por premiar a Otegi. El País [online], 13 July. Available from: https://elpais.com/ccaa/2013/07/13/paisvasco/1373732432_154531.html [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Eisikovits, N., 2014. Transitional Justice. The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy [online]. Available from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-transitional/ [Accessed 21 January 2020]. (Originally published in 2009).
Encarnación, O.G., 2008. Reconciliation after Democratization: Coping with the Past in Spain. Political Science Quarterly [online], 123(3). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2008.tb00630.x [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2008.tb00630.x
Escudero, R., 2013. Jaque a la Transición: análisis del proceso de recuperación de la memoria histórica. Anuario de Filosofía del Derecho [online], 29, pp. 319-340. Available from: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4550640.pdf [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Harvey, G., 2019. Spain’s Most Celebrated Writer Believes the Fascist Past is Still Present. New York Times, 1 August.
Hayner, P., 2002. Unspeakable Truths: Facing the Challenges of Truth Commissions [online]. New York: Routledge. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203903452 [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203903452
Honneth, A., 2004. Recognition and Justice. Outline of a Plural Theory of Justice. Acta Sociologica [online], 47(4), 351-364. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699304048668 [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699304048668
Klare, K., 1998. Legal Culture and Transformative Constitutionalism. South African Journal on Human Rights [online], 14(1), 146-188. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/02587203.1998.11834974 [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02587203.1998.11834974
Koskenniemi, M., 2005. From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument [online]. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511493713 [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511493713
Landa, J., 2018. Políticas de víctimas de la violencia política en España y el País Vasco: una reflexión a la luz del holocausto. Revista General de Derecho Penal, 29.
Landa, J.M., dir., and Garro, E., coord., 2019. Euskadi después de la violencia/Euskadi indarkeriaren ondoren. Bilbao: Servicio Editorial UPV/EHU.
Macklem, P., 2005. Restitution & Memory in International Human Rights Law. European Journal of International Law [online], 16(1), 1-23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chi101 [Accessed 21 January 2020]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chi101
Minow, M., 1998. Between Vengeance and Forgiveness. Boston: Beacon Press.
Ríos Martín, J.C., 2017. La gestión de la ejecución de la pena de prisión en relación con personas presas por terrorismo. INDRET [online], 4. Available from: http://www.indret.com/pdf/1333.pdf [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Ríos Martín, J.C., 2019. Medias y fines de la política penitenciaria para presos de ETA. In: A. Rivera and E. Mateo, eds., Víctimas y política penitenciaria: Claves, experiencias y retos de futuro. Madrid: Catarata.
Rome Statute of The International Criminal Court, 1998 [online]. Available from: https://legal.un.org/icc/statute/99_corr/cstatute.htm [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Teitel, R., 2000. Transitional Justice. Oxford / New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100648.001.0001
Tremlett, G., 2006. Ghosts of Spain: Travels Through Spain and its Silent Past. New York: Walker & Company.
Umana, C., 2017. Impunity: in the search of a socio-legal concept. Elucidations from a State Crime case study [online]. PhD thesis. University of Ottawa, Social Science Faculty, Doctorate in Criminology / University of the Basque Country, Doctorate in Sociology of Law. Available from: https://ruor.uottawa.ca/bitstream/10393/36916/3/Umana_Camilo_2017_thesis.pdf [Accessed 21 January 2020].
Universidad de Deusto, ed., 2012. Justicia para la convivencia: los puentes de Deusto. Encuentro “Justicia retributiva y restaurativa: su articulación en los delitos de terrorismo”. Junio 2012. Bilbao: Publicaciones de la Universidad de Deusto.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 Joxerramon Bengoetxea
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
OSLS strictly respects intellectual property rights and it is our policy that the author retains copyright, and articles are made available under a Creative Commons licence. The Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution No-Derivatives licence is our default licence, further details available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 If this is not acceptable to you, please contact us.
The non-exclusive permission you grant to us includes the rights to disseminate the bibliographic details of the article, including the abstract supplied by you, and to authorise others, including bibliographic databases, indexing and contents alerting services, to copy and communicate these details.
For information on how to share and store your own article at each stage of production from submission to final publication, please read our Self-Archiving and Sharing policy.
The Copyright Notice showing the author and co-authors, and the Creative Commons license will be displayed on the article, and you must agree to this as part of the submission process. Please ensure that all co-authors are properly attributed and that they understand and accept these terms.
