Los usos del testimonio en los estudios de la memoria. El caso de las violaciones masivas a los derechos humanos en la Argentina (Testimony uses in memory studies. The case of gross violations to human rights in Argentina)
Mots-clés :
Research metodology, Testimony, Memory studies, Extreme violence, Human Rights, ArgentinaRésumé
The memory study as an interdisciplinary field in Latin-America has been constructing and consolidating from the nineties of the 20th Century; which gained a driving force from the need to approach the topics regarding the political violence and the massive human rights violations perpetrated by the last military dictatorships. The testimony emerges as a favoured source from which reconstruct the memory of diverse historical-political events, as those linked with gross human rights violations. Taking in advance this challenging opportunity, the research work with testimony requires the comprehension of the sense and the uses, the scope and the limitations of the actors´ (survivors) speech as witnesses of violence. This article proposes itself a complex and critical approach to the testimony from a methodological perspective, focused in the case of the last Argentine dictatorship (1976-1983).
El campo interdisciplinario de estudio sobre la memoria en Latinoamérica se fue conformando y consolidando desde los años noventa del siglo XX; el cual fue impulsado desde la necesidad de abordar las temáticas relativas a la violencia política y a las violaciones masivas a los derechos humanos en las últimas dictaduras militares. El testimonio emerge como una fuente privilegiada a partir de la cual reconstruir la memoria de diversos sucesos histórico-políticos, como aquellos vinculados a graves violaciones a los derechos humanos. Ante esta desafiante oportunidad, el trabajo de investigación con el testimonio precisa la comprensión del sentido y de los usos, del alcance y de las limitaciones de la palabra de los actores que fueron testigos (supervivientes) de violencia. Este artículo se propone desde una mirada metodológica un acercamiento complejo y crítico al testimonio haciendo foco en el caso de la última dictadura militar en la Argentina (1976-1983).
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