<em>Unheimlichkeit</em>: Alienated and Integrated Identities and Criminal Existence(s)
Mots-clés :
Heidegger, Alienation, Durkheim, Existentialism, alienación, existencialismoRésumé
This essay argues that we should reinterpret Merton’s retreatist category by using Heidegger’s notion of unheimlichkeit (uncanniness) which relates to the claim that our consciousness and sense-making are grounded in our own openness to finitude. It will also make use of Heidegger’s concept of Dasein which relates to the uncovering of a primal nature of Being (Sein). When we do this we note how the existential potential of this category are at once released from the bonds of an overly objectivised Sociology and open to the possibility of a richer understanding of action and motivation within this class of persons. It argues that we should make Durkheim compatible with Marx. This is if one allows that the empirical basis for Durkheim’s ‘social condition’ is as set out by Marx. Durkheim was preoccupied by the micro-level of analysis and Marx with wider economic conditions of the nineteenth century. Merton was tied up with detailing the America of his day and with individualized goal-setting and means-ends rationality. By employing the concept of unheimlichkeit in relation to Merton’s work we open up a new form of explanation able to understand the psychic and existential striving for meaning, that Heidegger terms Dasein.
Este ensayo defiende que debemos reinterpretar la categoría retraída de Merton utilizando la noción de unheimlichkeit (extrañeza) de Heidegger, que se refiere a la exigencia de que nuestra consciencia y toma de decisiones se basan en nuestra aceptación de la finitud. También emplea el concepto de Heidegger del Dasein que se refiere al descubrimiento de una naturaleza primigenia del ser (Sein). Al hacer esto se observa cómo el potencial existencial de esta categoría se libera de las ataduras de una sociología excesivamente objetivizada, y se abre a la posibilidad de un entendimiento más rico de la acción y motivación entre este tipo de personas. Se defiende que deberíamos hacer que Durkheim sea compatible con Marx. Esto ocurriría si se permitiera que la base empírica de la “condición social” de Durkheim fuera como presentada por Marx. Durkheim estaba preocupado por un análisis micro-nivel y Marx con las condiciones económicas, más amplias, del siglo XIX. Merton estaba comprometido con describir la América de su época, y con establecer metas individualizadas, y racionalidad de medios y fines. Al emplear el concepto de unheimlichkeit en relación con el trabajo de Merton, se abre una nueva forma de explicación capaz de comprender el esfuerzo de comprensión psíquico y existencial que Heidegger denomina Dasein.
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