Judicial resistance and the virtues
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https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.1876Gako-hitzak:
judicial resistance, virtue jurisprudence, virtue ethics, judiciary, courts, Resistencia judicial, jurisprudencia de la virtud, ética de la virtud, tribunales , judicaturaLaburpena
This article concerns the concept of judicial resistance understood in connection with the individual, on-bench decisions undertaken by judges in view of upholding the rule of law and in defiance of measures introduced by authoritarian, semi-authoritarian, "illiberal", or otherwise oppressive regimes. The point of focus is the normative dimension of acts of judicial resistance and the contention that they constitute the rightful obligation of judges. The article claims that judicial resistance interpreted as a right or duty is objectionable. As it will be argued, the key reason is the inadequacy of the rule-oriented models (deontic and consequentialist) on which the categories of right and duty rest to address the descriptively and evaluatively thick notion of judicial resistance. Instead, the article will argue for a virtue-centred model which explains judicial resistance through the character strengths of a virtuous judge. After expounding the conception of judicial virtue and the approach of a virtuous judge, the analysis will argue how perceiving the capacity to resist in terms of virtue allows for overcoming difficulties connected with the claim that a judge has a right or duty to resist. In the last part, the analysis will propose a list of three virtues that may be especially adequate for judicial resistance based on selected examples.
Este artículo aborda el concepto de resistencia judicial entendido en relación con las decisiones individuales, en el estrado, adoptadas por los jueces con el fin de defender el Estado de Derecho y desafiar las medidas introducidas por regímenes autoritarios, semiautoritarios, "antiliberales" u opresores de otro tipo. El punto central es la dimensión normativa de los actos de resistencia judicial y la afirmación de que constituyen una obligación legítima de los jueces. El artículo afirma que es objetable que la resistencia judicial sea interpretada como un derecho o un deber. Como se argumentará, la razón clave es la inadecuación de los modelos orientados a las normas (deónticos y consecuencialistas) en los que descansan las categorías de derecho y deber para abordar la noción descriptiva y evaluativamente espesa de la resistencia judicial. En su lugar, el artículo defenderá un modelo centrado en la virtud que explique la resistencia judicial a través de los puntos fuertes del carácter de un juez virtuoso. Tras exponer la concepción de la virtud judicial y el enfoque de un juez virtuoso, el análisis argumentará cómo el hecho de percibir la capacidad de resistencia en términos de virtud permite superar las dificultades relacionadas con la afirmación de que un juez tiene el derecho o el deber de resistir. En la última parte, basándose en ejemplos seleccionados, el análisis propondrá una lista de tres virtudes que pueden ser especialmente adecuadas para la resistencia judicial.
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