Internal Environmental Displacement: A Growing Challenge to the United States Welfare State
Gako-hitzak:
Environmental displacement, climate change, disasters, social vulnerability, United States welfare state, Desplazamiento por causas medioambientales, cambio climático, desastres, vulnerabilidad social, estado de bienestar en Estados UnidosLaburpena
While the greatest potential for environmental displacement occurs in poorer nations, internal displacement has resulted from environmental change and disasters in the United States; and climate change will likely amplify this movement. I describe how environmental displacement is a policy drift that reduces the effectiveness of current welfare state policies to protect US populations from the risk of impoverishment. Evidence from previous disasters indicates environmental displacees have particular assistance needs. I identify the four main assistance needs in my Environmental Displacement and Resilience Model then use this model to evaluate whether current policies address housing, finances, health, and discrimination needs of those displaced. My analysis highlights a gap between the country’s response to disasters and the current welfare state social safety nets. Without disaster and welfare policy changes environmental displacement will continue to be a policy drift that leave displacees vulnerable to social and economic marginalization.
Mientras que el mayor potencial de desplazamientos por causas medioambientales se da en los países más pobres, en los Estados Unidos se ha producido un desplazamiento interno como resultado de cambios ambientales y desastres; y es probable que el cambio climático aumente estos movimientos. Se describe cómo los desplazamientos por causas ambientales suponen un fallo político que reduce la eficacia de las actuales políticas del estado de bienestar que se deben desarrollar para proteger a la población de Estados Unidos contra el riesgo de empobrecimiento. Evidencias de desastres anteriores indican que los desplazados por causas medioambientales tienen necesidades de asistencia especiales. Se identifican las cuatro necesidades de asistencia principales que recoge Modelo de Desplazamiento Medioambiental y Resiliciencia de la autora, para después usar este modelo para evaluar si las políticas actuales cubren las necesidades de vivienda, finanzas, salud y discriminación de los desplazados. Este análisis demuestra que hay una brecha entre la respuesta del país ante los desastres y las actuales redes de protección del estado de bienestar. Si no hay cambios en las políticas de desastres y bienestar, los desplazamientos por causas medioambientales seguirá siendo una deriva política que deja a los desplazados en una posición vulnerable frente a la marginalización social y económica.
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