Justice by humans, assisted by AI
What should the future of adjudication look like?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2756Palabras clave:
Resolución algorítmica de litigios, resolución de litigios en línea, IA generativa, justicia procesal, garantías procesales, aprendizaje automático, responsabilidad jurídica, derecho comparadoResumen
Los algoritmos han pasado de la sala de archivos al estrado. El aprendizaje automático, los grandes modelos lingüísticos y la resolución de litigios en línea determinan ahora la fianza, la imposición de penas y los alegatos con mayor rapidez de la que tarda la ley en zanjar lo que esto supone para un juicio justo. Tras examinar cinco jurisdicciones de cuatro continentes, entre 2015 y 2025 —47 leyes y sentencias, 142 estudios y siete conjuntos de datos—, este artículo identifica tres deficiencias. Los modelos patentados y los datos de entrenamiento ocultos impiden que la parte afectada por una decisión pueda conocer su razonamiento. La predicción sustituye a la explicación: lo que suele ocurrir sustituye al «por qué» se resuelve este caso. El riesgo recae sobre los litigantes menos capaces de asumir el error, no sobre las instituciones que implementan los sistemas. Frente a la advertencia de Zeleznikow de que la predicción no es un juicio, se propone el deber de explicar, una evaluación del impacto jurídico previa a la implementación y una norma de auditoría para garantizar un proceso justo. El objetivo no es mantener la inteligencia artificial fuera de la sala del tribunal, sino que el juicio siga siendo humano.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Asif Khan, Aftab Haider, Asif Salim
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