The environmental rights of children and future generations in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: Advances and challenges

Digno Jose Montalván Zambrano

doi:10.35295/osls.iisl.2551

Autores/as

Digno Jose Montalván Zambrano Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6050-1777

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2551

Palabras clave:

Justicia intergeneracional, derechos ambientales de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, generaciones futuras, Corte Internacional de Derechos Humanos

Resumen

Este artículo examina la evolución de la protección ambiental intergeneracional en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, centrándose en la relación —y la creciente tensión— entre el marco consolidado de los derechos ambientales de la infancia y el reconocimiento emergente de las generaciones futuras como posibles titulares de derechos. Si bien la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos ha desarrollado estándares sólidos para proteger a los niños y las niñas frente a los daños ambientales y climáticos —fundamentados en su especial vulnerabilidad, el principio del interés superior del niño y el alcance intergeneracional de las obligaciones estatales—, el avance paralelo hacia el reconocimiento de las generaciones futuras como sujetos de derechos plantea importantes desafíos conceptuales y procesales. Entre ellos figuran la indeterminación de quiénes integran las "generaciones futuras", las dificultades para identificar a las víctimas a efectos de admisibilidad y la propia jurisprudencia de la Corte, que exige que los titulares de derechos sean seres humanos "presentes". Mediante un análisis de la jurisprudencia pertinente, incluido el caso La Oroya vs. Perú y las opiniones consultivas 23/17, y 35/25, el artículo sostiene que los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes ofrecen una vía más coherente, operativa y sólidamente fundamentada desde el punto de vista normativo para avanzar hacia la justicia intergeneracional.

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Biografía del autor/a

Digno Jose Montalván Zambrano, Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales

Email: dignojose.montalvan@cepc.es

Citas

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