Female Migration from Nigeria, Sex Trafficking and Cultural Dynamics
Beyond a Simplified Narrative
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2481Palabras clave:
Trata sexual, migración femenina nigeriana, consentimiento, pluralismo jurídico, patriarcado, normas consuetudinarias, juramentoResumen
La migración femenina desde Nigeria y su frecuente relación con el trabajo sexual y la trata de personas representan un fenómeno alarmante a nivel mundial. Numerosos estudios realizados por antropólogos, sociólogos y expertos jurídicos dedicados a la defensa de las mujeres que buscan protección internacional han revelado vínculos complejos entre la trata, los factores socioeconómicos y las dimensiones culturales. Centrándose específicamente en la migración de Nigeria a Europa, este artículo explora la naturaleza multifacética de estas conexiones, cuestionando la narrativa dominante que retrata a las mujeres nigerianas como meramente «exóticas», «otras», vulnerables y víctimas de rituales mágicos. Este artículo destaca los diversos factores que contribuyen a esta complejidad y examina las nociones de consentimiento y coacción, basándose en marcos jurídicos y literatura jurídica feminista. Los conceptos se consideran en relación con los aspectos más específicamente sociales y culturales del contexto nigeriano que, según han revelado varios estudios, están vinculados a la trata con fines sexuales. El contexto de Nigeria se ilustra brevemente en términos de su pluralismo étnico, jurídico y religioso antes de profundizar en las dinámicas estructurales, las normas consuetudinarias y las prácticas útiles para comprender el fenómeno de la trata con fines sexuales.
Descargas
Metrics
Estadísticas globales ℹ️
|
44
Visualizaciones
|
44
Descargas
|
|
88
Total
|
|
Citas
Acién González, E., 2024. Nigerian Migrant Women and Human Trafficking Narratives: Stereotypes, Stigma and Ethnographic Knowledge. Social Studies [online], 13(4), 207. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13040207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13040207
Aderinto, A.A., 2001. Subordinated by Culture: Constraints of Women in a Rural Yoruba Community, Nigeria. Nordic Journal of African Studies [online], 10(2), 12, 176-187. Available at: https://njas.fi/njas/article/view/582/412
Adeyinka, S., Ine Lietaert, I., and Derluyn, I., 2023. The Role of Juju Rituals in Human Trafficking of Nigerians: A Tool of Enslavement, But Also Escape. Sage Open [online], 13, 1-13. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/21582440231210474 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231210474
Aghatise, E., 2002. Trafficking for prostitution in Italy: concept paper [online]. Expert Group Meeting on “Trafficking in women and girls” 18-22 November 2002, Glen Cove, New York. Available at: https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/trafficking2002/reports/EP-Aghatise.PDF
Amselle, J., and E. M’Bokolo, E., eds., 1985. Au Coeur de l’ethnie, Paris : La Decouverte.
Andrijasevic, R., 2013. Sex Workers and Migration. In: I. Ness, ed. The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration [online]. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm481
Apard, É, Diagboya, P., and Simoni, V., 2025. Social Climbing Projects of Families in the Context of Human Trafficking from Nigeria to France. Anti-Trafficking Review [online], 24, 16-40. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201225242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201225242
Asiyanbola, A.R., 2005. Patriarchy, male dominance, the role and women empowerment in Nigeria [online]. Paper submitted for presentation as poster at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP/UIESP) 25. International Population Conference Tours, France. Available at: https://ipc2005.popconf.org/papers/50005
Awogbade, M., 2004. Ethnography of Nigeria. Abuja: National Open University of Nigeria.
Awolalu, J.O., 1976. What is African Traditional Religion? Studies in Comparative Religion, 10(2), 1-10.
Baarda, C.S., 2016. Human trafficking for sexual exploitation from Nigeria into Western Europe: The role of voodoo rituals in the functioning of a criminal network. European Journal of Criminology [online], 13(2), 257-273. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370815617188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370815617188
Brivio, A., 2021. Assoggettamento da juju? Decostruire le categorie della dipendenza tra le giovani migranti dalla Nigeria. ANUAC. Rivista della Società Italiana di Antropologia Culturale [online], 10(1), 161-185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7340/anuac2239-625X-4893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7340/anuac2239-625X-4893
Brown, W., 2015. Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution [online]. Princeton: Zone Books. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt17kk9p8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt17kk9p8
Christie, N., 1986. The Ideal Victim. In: E.A. Fattah, ed., From Crime Policy to Victim Policy. Reorienting the Justice System [online]. London: Macmillan Press, 17-30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08305-3_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08305-3_2
Crenshaw, W.K., 1989. Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum [online], 1989(1), 139-167. Available at: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
Crenshaw, W.K., 1991. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics and Violence against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review [online], 43, 1241-1299. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Dardot, P., and Laval, C., 2009. La nouvelle raison du monde Essai sur la société néolibérale [online]. Paris : La Découverte. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.dardo.2010.01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.dardo.2010.01
Dozema, J., 2010. Sex Slaves and Discourse Masters: The Construction of Trafficking [online]. New York: Zed Books. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350222502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350222502
Durojaye, E., Okeke, B., and Adebanjo, A., 2014. Harmful Cultural Practices and Gender Equality in Nigeria. Gender & Behaviour, 12(1), 6169-6181.
Eze, G., 2022. The Nigerian customary law practices and repugnancy test: a reading in colonial legacy. Synsto Journal of Law [online], 1(1), 25-30. Available at: https://www.synstojournals.com/law/article/view/87
Facchi, A., and Giolo, O. 2020. Libera scelta e libera condizione. Un punto di vista femminista su libertà e diritto. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Federici, S., 2004. Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation. New York: Autonomedia.
Federici, S., 2012. Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle. New York: PM Press.
Fraser, N., 2013. Fortunes of Feminism: From State-Managed Capitalism to Neoliberal Crisis. London: Verso Books.
Giolo, O., 2017. Women’s New Servitude in the Age of Freedom of choice. Soft Power. Revista euro-americana de teoría e historia de la política y del derecho, 4, 2017.
Griffiths, J., 2015. Legal Pluralism. In: J.D. Wright, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences [online]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 757-761. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.86073-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.86073-0
Guillemaut, F., 2004. Trafics et migrations de femmes, une hypocrisie au service des pays riches. Hommes et Migrations [online], 2004(1248), 75-87. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3406/homig.2004.4152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/homig.2004.4152
Guillemaut, F., 2006. Victimes de traffic ou actrices d’un processus migratoire ? Saisir la voix des femmes migrantes prostituées par la recherche-action (enquête). Terrains & travaux [online], 10(1), 157-176. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3917/tt.010.0157 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/tt.010.0157
hooks, b., 2000. Feminism Is for Everybody: Passionate Politics. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
Ikeora, M., 2016. The Role of African Traditional Religion and ‘Juju’ in Human Trafficking: Implications for Anti-trafficking. Journal of International Women’s Studies [online], 17(1), 1-18. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol17/iss1/1/
Jahnsen, S., and Wagenaar, H., eds., 2018. Assessing Prostitution Policies in Europe. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781138400238
Kapur, R., 2018. Gender, Alterity, and Human Rights in a Fishbowl. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788112536
Kempadoo, K., ed. (with J. Sanghera and B. Pattanaik), 2005. Migration, Sex Work, and Human Rights. Boulder: Paradigm.
Lutz, H., and Amelina, A., 2013. Intersectionality and Transnationality as Key Tools for Gender-Sensitive Migration Research. In: L. Oso and N. Ribas-Mateos, eds., The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
MacKinnon, C.A., 1989. Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press.
Meyer, C.K., and Boll, S., 2018. Editorial: Categorising Migrants: Standards, complexities. Anti-Trafficking Review [online], 11(1), 1-14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201218111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201218111
Mohanty, C.T., 1984. Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses. Boundary [online], 12(3), 333-358. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/302821 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/302821
Nagle, L., and Owasanoye, B., 2015. Fearing the Dark: The Use of Witchcraft to Control Human Trafficking Victims and Sustain Vulnerability. Southwestern Law Review [online], 45, 561-593. Available at: https://www.swlaw.edu/sites/default/files/2017-04/5%20Fearing%20the%20Dar.pdf
National Population Commission [Nigeria] and ICF, 2019. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018 [online]. Abuja/Rockville: National Population Commission (NPC)/ICF. Available at: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR359/FR359.pdf
Ngozi, N.B., et al., 2019. Interrogating the nature and push factors of human trafficking in Benin-City. Edo State Nigeria in the context of the Africa we want. African Population Studies, 33(2), 4927-4939.
Nussbaum, M., 2000. Women and Human Development. The Capabilities Approach [online]. Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511841286 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511841286
Nwauche, E.S., 2008. Law, Religion and Human Rights in Nigeria. African Human Rights Law Journal, 8, 568-595.
O’Connell Davidson, J., 2015. Modern Slavery: The Margins of Freedom. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Oba, A.A., 2002. Islamic Law as Customary Law: The Changing Perspective in Nigeria. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly [online], 51(4), 817-850. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.4.817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.4.817
Oba, A.A., 2008. Juju Oaths in Customary Law Arbitration and Their Legal Validity in Nigerian Courts. Journal of African Law, 52(1), 139-158. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855308000065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855308000065
Olufade, C., 2019. Sustenance of Sex Trafficking in Edo State: The Combined Effect of Oath Taking, Transnational Silence and Migration Imaginaries on Trafficked Women in Edo State. Ifra-Nigeria Working Papers Series [online], 56. Available at : https://ifra-nigeria.org/publications/e-papers/280-2019-sustenance-of-sex-trafficking-in-edo-state-the-combined-effects-of-oath-taking-transnational-silence-and-migration-imaginaries-on-trafficked-women-from-edo-state
Osezua, O.C., 2013. Changing Status of Women and the Phenomenon of Trafficking of Women for Transactional Sex in Nigeria: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of International Women’s Studies [online], 14(3), 14-30. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1681&context=jiws
Osezua, O.C., 2016. Gender Issues in Human trafficking in Edo State, Nigeria. African Sociological Review, 20(1), 36-66.
Osezua, O.C., and Agholor, H.N., 2019. Patriarchy, Cultural Prejudices and Spousal Violence in the Ancient City of Benin of Southern Nigeria. Journal of International Women’s Studies [online], 20(7), 409-422. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2180&context=jiws
Oso, L., and Ribas-Mateos, N., eds., 2013. The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism [online]. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781951477 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781951477
Pateman, C., 1988. The Sexual Contract. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Phillips, N., and Piper, N., 2013. Unequal Partners: The Political Economy of Human Trafficking. New York: Routledge.
Sagay, C.E., 2021. Twists & Swirls: Caregiving & Sexualization—Femininity Construct in Gendered Migration from Nigeria to Italy. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies [online], 28(2), 81-137. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.28.2.0081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.28.2.0081
Sassen, S., 2000. Women’s Burden: Counter-geographies of Globalization and the Feminization of Survival. Journal of International Affairs, 53(2), 503-524.
Taliani, S., 2012. Coercion, fetishes and suffering in the daily lives of young Nigerian women in Italy. Africa [online], 82(4), 297-320. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001972012000514 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0001972012000514
Tamale, S., 2020. Decolonization and Afro-Feminism. Ottawa: Daraja Press.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2024. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons [online]. Vienna. UNODC. Available at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/2024/GLOTIP2024_BOOK.pdf
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Letizia Mancini
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores conservan el copyright de sus trabajos, que se publicarán en OSLS bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento NoComercial SinObraDerivada. Puede consultar más detalles en: http://es.creativecommons.org/licencia/. Si no está de acuerdo con esta licencia, por favor, póngase en contacto con nosotros.
El autor concede los permisos necesarios para difundir la información bibliográfica del artículo, incluyendo el resumen, y autorizar a otros, incluyendo las bases de datos bibliográficas, de índices y servicios de alerta de contenidos, a copiar y comunicar esta información.
Para más información sobre los permisos para distribuir su artículo en cada fase de la producción, por favor, lea nuestra Política de Autoarchivo y Divulgación (en inglés).
Las condiciones de copyright con el nombre de autores y co-autores, y la licencia Creative Commons se mostrarán en el artículo. Estas condiciones se deben aceptar como parte del proceso de envío de un artículo a la revista. Por favor, asegúrese de que todos los co-autores se mencionan correctamente, y que entienden y aceptan estos términos.
