The shadow of carceral collectivism
A case study of prison reform and policy transfer failure in Moldova
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2469Palabras clave:
reforma penitenciaria, colectivismo carcelario, europeización, transferencia de políticas, Moldavia, justicia juvenil, penalidad postsoviéticaResumen
La europeización de las prisiones postsoviéticas es una tarea difícil debido al legado profundamente arraigado y duradero del colectivismo carcelario. Este artículo examina el caso crítico de la reforma del Centro de Detención Juvenil de Goian, creado como una prisión modelo europea para Moldavia. Adoptando un enfoque autoetnográfico reflexivo para analizar datos de múltiples fuentes recopilados a lo largo de una década, este artículo ofrece una visión de la interacción entre los legados coloniales dependientes de la trayectoria y las reformas impulsadas por la europeización. La investigación reveló que la mejora de las infraestructuras y las prácticas piloto inspiradas en Noruega, aunque necesarias, eran insuficientes para transformar de forma sostenible la cultura institucional y la lógica del castigo. La mentalidad represiva arraigada resurgió tras un incidente de fuga, lo que provocó retrocesos duraderos en la reforma y un aumento de los niveles de violencia, demostrando así lo que los estudiosos denominan “la paradoja de la reforma”. Además, este caso de colectivismo carcelario híbrido, una “subcultura heredada de la Unión Soviética” que opera en un espacio físico “de tipo europeo”, resulta esclarecedor para la comprensión teórica y empírica de las trayectorias de la reforma penal postsoviética y las variedades de orden que instilan estos modelos híbridos.
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