Decision-making between biases and strategies
The contribution of cognitive neuroscience
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2308Palabras clave:
toma de decisiones, neurociencia cognitiva, sesgos cognitivos, estrategias cognitivas, neuroevaluaciónResumen
La toma de decisiones es una función cognitiva fundamental que va más allá de los paradigmas controlados de laboratorio y se extiende a contextos complejos del mundo real, moldeados por la incertidumbre, las influencias sociales y los factores emocionales. Los modelos tradicionales hacen hincapié en la deliberación racional, pero a menudo pasan por alto los mecanismos fisiológicos y neuronales implícitos que subyacen a las elecciones. Las investigaciones neurocientíficas muestran que la toma de decisiones surge de la interacción entre el control ejecutivo, la sensibilidad a las recompensas, la regulación afectiva y la cognición social, con el apoyo de redes neuronales distribuidas que incluyen la corteza prefrontal, el sistema límbico y las regiones sociales del cerebro. Este artículo destaca las limitaciones de las evaluaciones convencionales, que se basan principalmente en medidas conductuales explícitas y descuidan el esfuerzo fisiológico, la activación autonómica y los correlatos neurocognitivos. Por último, presentamos la Herramienta de Evaluación Digitalizada para la Toma de Decisiones (DAsDec), como ejemplo de un enfoque integrador que combina métricas conductuales, psicofisiológicas y neurocognitivas. Al aprovechar las tecnologías wearable y las tareas realistas, la herramienta representa un paso hacia una comprensión más completa de la toma de decisiones, con implicaciones para ámbitos aplicados como la sanidad, la gestión, el derecho y la elaboración de políticas.
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