Caste, race, and slavery
On comparisons between race in the United States and caste in India, and to forgotten assumptions behind the legal categories
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1330Palabras clave:
casta, raza, esclavitud, ciencia comparativa de las culturas, derecho angloíndio, pensamiento evolutivo de la IlustraciónResumen
Al sumergirse en las ideas de fondo sobre la casta y la raza como categorías jurídicas, el investigador descubrirá un importante desacuerdo entre los estudiosos: Para algunos, la casta está ciertamente relacionada con la raza, mientras que, para otros, casta y raza son conceptos separados que se refieren a realidades distintas. El objetivo de este artículo es doble: considerar la validez de varias características que muchos autores atribuyen como comunes a la casta y a la raza, y analizar los supuestos de fondo que permitieron la comparación entre casta y raza como tales. La cuestión importante, relacionada con estos dos objetivos, es el surgimiento de la idea de que la antigua “nación hindú” estaba dividida en dos pueblos, y que las castas como sistema reflejan la división original en la India moderna. Examinaremos de cerca las comparaciones que se hacen entre la llegada de los arios a la India y la esclavitud en Estados Unidos y África. Por último, reconsideraremos las ideas europeas sobre la evolución humana y la igualdad de los hombres, que sirvieron de tablero de contraste para las explicaciones de las castas como forma de esclavitud.
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