The terrifying abyss of insignificance

Marginalisation, mattering and violence between young people

Autores/as

  • Luke Billingham Hackney Quest
  • Keir Irwin-Rogers The Open University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1178

Palabras clave:

jóvenes, ser importante, violencia

Resumen

El concepto de ser importante puede ayudar a entender cómo los factores estructurales e históricos afectan a la psicología individual. Este artículo muestra la utilidad del ser importante como una lente a través de la cual se puede examinar por qué una pequeña minoría de jóvenes de Gran Bretaña cometen actos violentos. Primero, exploramos qué significa importar, y cómo queda demostrado que la búsqueda de ser importante está relacionada con la violencia, y después examinamos los factores de la Gran Bretaña actual que pueden mermar el sentido de una persona joven de ser importante, para lo cual utilizamos investigaciones comunitarias recientes. A continuación, criticamos el intento del Gobierno británico de resolver el problema a través de órdenes de restricción sobre las pandillas y sobre la prevención de delitos con arma blanca. Concluimos sugiriendo que los legisladores podrían tener una mejor visión si investigaran las relaciones entre la marginalización, el sentirse importante y la violencia antes que centrarse de forma exagerada en la música que los jóvenes escuchan o crean, o el arma concreta que portan.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

        Metrics

Views 1512
Downloads:
PDF (English) 1777
XML (English) 157


Biografía del autor/a

Luke Billingham, Hackney Quest

Luke Billingham. Hackney Quest. Email address: luke@hackneyquest.org.uk

Keir Irwin-Rogers, The Open University

Keir Irwin-Rogers. Lecturer in Criminology. Open University. Email address: Keir.Irwin-Rogers@open.ac.uk

Citas

Anderson, E., 2000. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: W.W. Norton.

Arendt, H., 1970. On Violence. New York: Harcourt.

Barker, J., et al., 2010. Pupils or prisoners? Institutional geographies and internal exclusion in UK secondary schools. Area [online], 42(3), 378–386. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2009.00932.x [Access 3 November 2020].

Billingham, L., 2018. Hackney Wick Through Young Eyes: What local young people value, the problems they face, and what they want to change. London: Wick Award and Hackney Quest.

Billingham, L., and Irwin-Rogers, K., 2020. Mattering and the Violence in our Cities. In: R. Atkinson, ed., Urban Crisis, Urban Hope. London: Routledge.

Blazey, L., et al., 2017. Young people’s capital of the world? [online]. Report. London Youth. March. Available from: http://londonyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Young-peoples-capital-of-the-world-March-2017.pdf [Access 24 February 2019].

Bond, E., and Hallsworth, S., 2017. The Degradation and Humiliation of Young People. In: V. Cooper and D. Whyte, eds., The Violence of Austerity. London: Pluto, 75–84.

Bourdieu, P., 1979. Distinction. London: Routledge.

Bronfenbrenner, U., 1979. The Ecology of Human Development. Harvard University Press.

Broucek, F., 1979. Efficacy in Infancy: A Review of Some Experimental Studies and Their Possible Implications for Clinical Theory. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 60, 311–16.

Butcher, M., and Dickens, L., 2016. Spatial dislocation and affective displacement: Youth perspectives on gentrification in London. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research [online], 40(4), 800–816. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12432 [Access 3 November 2020].

Carr, R., Slothower, M., and Parkinson, J., 2017. Do Gang Injunctions Reduce Violent Crime? Four Tests in Merseyside, UK. Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing [online], 1(4), 195–210. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41887-017-0015-x [Access 3 November 2020].

Chiodo, D., et al., 2012. Longitudinal prediction and concurrent functioning of adolescent girls demonstrating various profiles of dating violence and victimization. Prevention Science [online], 13, 350–359. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-011-0236-3 [Access 3 November 2020].

Collins, R., 2008. Violence: A Micro-sociological Theory. Oxford: Princeton University Press.

Community Links, 2019. Community Conversations: Unearthing community-led ideas for tackling youth violence [online]. Canning Town: Community Links. Available from: https://www.community-links.org/wp-content/uploads/Community-Links-Community-Conversations-2018.pdf [Access 3 March 2019].

Contreras, R., 2013. The Stickup Kids: Race, Drugs, Violence and the American Dream. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Crouch, C., 2004. Post-Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Currie, E., 2016. The Roots of Danger. Oxford University Press.

De Zulueta, F., 2001. Violent attachments and attachment to violence. In: S.L. Bloom, ed., Violence: A Public Health Menace and a Public Health Approach. London: Karnac, 31–56.

Dorling, D., 2018. Peak Inequality: Britain’s Ticking Time Bomb. Bristol: Policy Press.

Duckworth, J., 2002. Fagin’s Children: Criminal Children in Victorian England. London: Hambledon & London.

Ebner, J., 2019. Who are Europe’s far-right identitarians? Politico [online], 4 April. Available from: https://www.politico.eu/article/who-are-europe-far-right-identitarians-austria-generation-identity-martin-sellner/ [Access 10 May 2020].

Edwards, K.M., and Neal, A.M., 2017. School and community characteristics related to dating violence victimization among high school youth. Psychology of Violence, 7(2), 203–212.

Elliott, G.C., 2009. Family Matters: The Importance of Mattering to Family in Adolescence. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Elliott, G.C., Colangelo, M., and Gelles, R.J., 2005. Mattering and Suicide Ideation: Establishing and Elaborating a Relationship. Social Psychology Quarterly [online], 68(3), 223–238. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250506800303 [Access 3 November 2020].

Elliott, G.C., et al., 2011. Perceived mattering to the family and physical violence in the family by adolescents. Journal of Family Issues [online], 32(8), 1007–1029. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11398932 [Access 3 November 2020].

Elliott, G.C., Kao, S., and Grant, A., 2004. Mattering: Empirical Validation of a Social-Psychological Concept. Self and Identity [online], 3(4), 339–354. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000119 [Access 3 November 2020].

Ellis, A., 2016. Men, Masculinities and Violence. London: Routledge.

Flett, G., 2018. The Psychology of Mattering: Understanding the Human Need to be Significant. London: Academic Press.

Flett, G., et al., 2016. Antecedents, correlates, and consequences of feeling like you don’t matter: Associations with maltreatment, loneliness, social anxiety, and the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences [online], vol. 92, 52–56. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.014 [Access 3 November 2020].

Gaskell, C., 2005. Fighting for Respect: Youth, Violence and Citizenship in East London. Ph.D Thesis. Queen Mary, University of London.

Geuss, R., 2016. Reality and Its Dreams. London: Harvard University Press.

Gill, K., Quilter-Pinner, H., and Swift, D., 2017. Making the Difference: Breaking the link between school exclusion and social exclusion [online]. October. London: Institute for Public Policy Research. Available from: https://www.ippr.org/files/2017-10/making-the-difference-report-october-2017.pdf [Access 10 March 2019].

Gilligan, J., 1997. Violence: Reflections on a National Epidemic. New York: Vintage.

Graeber, D., 2018. Bullshit Jobs: A Theory. London: Allen Lane.

Green, A., 2017. The Crisis for Young People. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Groos, K., 1901. The Play of Man. Trans.: E.L. Baldwin. New York: Appleton.

Harding, S., 2014. The Street Casino: Survival in Violent Street Gangs. Bristol: Policy Press.

Harris, P., 2017. Inter-subjectivity and Worker Self-Disclosure in Professional Relationships with Young People: A Psychosocial study of Youth Violence and Desistance. The Howard Journal [online], 56(4), 516–531. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/hojo.12229 [Access 3 November 2020].

Irwin-Rogers, K., 2019. Illicit Drug Markets, Consumer Capitalism, and the Rise of Social Media: A Toxic Trap for Young People. Critical Criminology [online], 27, 591–610. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-019-09476-2 [Access 3 November 2020].

Irwin-Rogers, K., Muthoo, A., and Billingham, L., 2020. The Youth Violence Commission Final Report [online]. Available from: http://yvcommission.com/final-report/ [Access 3 November 2020].

Irwin-Rogers, K., et al., 2019. Street gangs and urban violence in Europe. In: I. Vojnovic et al., eds., Handbook of Global Urban Health: The Metropolis and Modern Life. New York: Routledge, 484–508.

Jasko, K., Lafree, G., and Kruglanski, A., 2016. Quest for Significance and Violent Extremism: The Case of Domestic Radicalization. Political Psychology [online], 38(5), 815–831. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pops.12376 [Access 3 November 2020].

Katz, J., 1990. Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil. New York: Basic Books.

Kleinberg, B., and McFarlane, P., 2020. Violent music vs violence and music: Drill rap and violent crime in London. arXiv:2004.04598 [cs.SI] [online], 9 April. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.04598 [Access 3 November 2020].

Kruglanski, A., et al., 2014. The Psychology of Radicalization and Deradicalization: How Significance Quest Impacts Violent Extremism. Advances in Political Psychology [online], vol. 35, suppl. 1, 69–93. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12163 [Access 3 November 2020].

Kulz, C., 2017. Factories for Learning. Manchester University Press.

Lalander, P., and Sernhede, O., 2011. Social mobilization or street crimes: two strategies among young urban outcasts in contemporary Sweden. EDUCARE, 2, 99–121.

Lane, J., 2019. The Digital Street. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lauger, T., and Densley, J., 2018. Broadcasting badness: Violence, identity, and performance in the online gang rap scene. Justice Quarterly [online], 35(5), 816–841. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2017.1341542 [Access 3 November 2020].

Lewis, D.M., 2017. A matter for concern: Young offenders and the importance of mattering. Deviant Behavior [online], 38(11), 1318–1331. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2016.1197659 [Access 3 November 2020].

Leys, C., 2003. Market-Driven Politics. London: Verso.

Lunghy, E., et al., 2019. Insiders Looking Out: Solutions to Youth Violence from People who have Lived it. London: The Winch.

Lynes, A., Kelly, C., and Kelly, E., 2020. Thug Life: Drill Music as a Periscope into Urban Violence in the Consumer Age. The British Journal of Criminology [online], 60(5), 1201–1219. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azaa011 [Access 3 November 2020].

Marshall, S.K., 2004. Relative contributions of perceived mattering to parents and friends in predicting adolescents’ psychological wellbeing. Perceptual and Motor Skills [online], 99(2), 591–601. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.99.2.591-601 [Access 3 November 2020].

Marx, K., 2000. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. In: D. McLellan, ed., Karl Marx: Selected Writings. Oxford University Press, 83–121. (Originally published in 1844).

May, R., 1998. Power and Innocence: A Search for the Sources of Violence. New York: Norton.

Mishra, P., 2018. Age of Anger. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Raque-Bogdan, T.L., et al., 2011. Attachment and Mental and Physical Health: Self-Compassion and Mattering as Mediators. Journal of Counselling Psychology [online], 58(2), 272–278. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023041 [Access 3 November 2020].

Rosenberg, M., and McCullough, B.C., 1981. Mattering: Inferred significance and mental health among adolescents. Research in Community & Mental Health, 2, 163–182

Schieman, S., and Taylor, J., 2001. Statuses, Roles, and the Sense of Mattering. Sociological Perspectives, 44(4), 469–484.

Schlossberg, N., 1989. Marginality and mattering: key issues in building community. New Directions for Student Services [online], 48, 5–15. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/ss.37119894803 [Access 3 November 2020].

Schumaker, J., 1997. Religious Motivation Across Cultures. In: D. Munro, J.F. Schumaker and S.C. Carr, eds., Motivation and Culture. London: Routledge, 193–209.

Sharpe, J., 2016. A Fiery and Furious People: A History of Violence in England. London: Penguin.

Stanfield, L., 2018. Mattering: Foundations for Flourishing Lives. London: Claremont Project.

Storrod, M., and Densley, J., 2017. “Going viral” and “Going country”: The expressive and instrumental activities of street gangs on social media. Journal of Youth Studies [online], 20(6), 677–696. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1260694 [Access 3 November 2020].

Streeck, W., 2014. Buying Time: The Delayed Crisis of Democratic Capitalism. London: Verso.

Streeck, W., 2016. How Will Capitalism End? London: Verso.

Sullivan, M.L., 2005. Maybe we shouldn’t study “gangs”: Does reification obscure youth violence? Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice [online], 21(2), 170–190. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986204272912 [Access 3 November 2020].

Taylor, J., and Turner, J., 2001. A Longitudinal Study of the Role and Significance of Mattering to Others for Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior [online], 42(3), 310–325. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/3090217 [Access 3 November 2020].

Thapar, C., 2019. Don’t censor drill music, listen to what it’s trying to tell us. The Guardian [online], 6 February. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/06/dont-censor-drill-music-listen-skengdo-am [Access 3 November 2020].

Vigil, J.D., 1988. Group processes and street identity: Adolescent Chicano Gang Members. Ethos [online], 16(4), 421–445. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1988.16.4.02a00040 [Access 3 November 2020].

Vigil, J.D., and Yun, S.D., 1998. Vietnamese Youth Gangs in the Context of Multiple Marginality and the Los Angeles Youth Gang Phenomenon. In: K. Hazlehurst and C. Hazlehurst, eds., Gangs and Youth Subcultures: International Explorations. New Brunswick: Transaction.

Wacquant, L., 2007. Urban Outcasts: A Comparative Sociology of Advanced Marginality. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Winlow, S., and Hall, S., 2013. Rethinking Social Exclusion: The End of the Social? London: Sage.

Young, J., 1999. The Exclusive Society. London: Sage.

Publicado

2021-10-01

Cómo citar

Billingham, L. y Irwin-Rogers, K. (2021) «The terrifying abyss of insignificance: Marginalisation, mattering and violence between young people», Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 11(5), pp. 1222–1249. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1178.