Framing Time in Climate Change Litigation

Authors

  • Chris Hilson

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1063

Keywords:

Time, Temporality, Framing, Climate Change Litigation, Legal Mobilization

Abstract

Time is of the essence in relation to climate change. However, there have been few studies of how time features as a frame in legal mobilization against climate change. The current article explores temporal framing in a number of high profile climate litigation cases, including Urgenda, Kivalina, Kingsnorth, and the current US Our Children’s Trust proceedings. I argue that there is a tension between a future-looking scientific framing of time and both an environmentalist policy framing of time and a present-based scientific time frame. Under future-looking scientific framing, the effects of dangerous climate change have not yet occurred and remain some way off in the ‘modelled’ future. Under an environmentalist policy time frame, action is needed immediately, now in the present, and with a present scientific time frame climate harm is already happening or is imminent.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

        Metrics

Views 1200
Downloads:
PDF 549


Author Biography

Chris Hilson

Law, Professor of Law

References

Caney, S., 2014. Climate change, intergenerational equity and the social discount rate. Politics, Philosophy & Economics, 13(4), 320–342.

Carswell, C., 2016. In Washington, activists and the “necessity defense” on trial. High Country News [online], 2 February. Available from: https://www.hcn.org/issues/48.2/in-washington-the-necessity-defense-on-trial-alongside-activists [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Climate Action Tracker, n.d. Addressing Global Warming [online]. Available from: https://climateactiontracker.org/global/temperatures/ [Accessed 22 May 2018].

Crawford, A., 2015 Temporality in restorative justice: On time, timing and time-consciousness. Theoretical Criminology [online], 19(4), 470-490. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1362480615575804?journalCode=tcra [Accessed 1 June 2018].

de Sadeleer, N., 2016. Climate change, uncertainties and the precautionary principle. Jean Monnet Working Paper Series, Environment and Internal Market [online], 2016/1. Available from: http://www.tradevenvironment.eu/uploads/2016_CC_PP.pdf [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Fisher, E., 2002. Precaution, precaution everywhere: Developing a “common understanding” of the precautionary principle in the European Community. Maastricht Journal of European & Comparative Law [online], 9(1), 7-28. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1023263X0200900102 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Fisher, E., Scotford, E. and Barritt, E., 2017. The legally disruptive nature of climate change. The Modern Law Review [online], 80(2), 173–201. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12251 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Greenpeace UK, 2008. Kingsnorth trial day six: the summing up. Facebook [online], 8 September. Available from: https://www.facebook.com/notes/greenpeace-uk/kingsnorth-trial-day-six-the-summing-up/25875159538/ [Accessed 22 May 2018].

Hänggli, R., and Kriesi, H., 2012. Frame construction and frame promotion (strategic framing choices). American Behavioral Scientist [online], 56(3), 260-278. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0002764211426325 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Hansen, J.E., 2015. Statement of witness James E. Hansen [Kingsnorth case] (online). Available from: http://www.forestecologynetwork.org/climate_change/Hansen_Kingsnorth_testimony.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2018].

Hansen, J.E., 2017. Declaration of Dr. James E. Hansen in Support of Plaintiffs [case Juliana v US] (online). New York, 11 August. Available from: http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2015/20150812_FINAL_HANSEN_DEC_FOR_US_DISTRICT_OREGON_9pm.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2018].

Hayes, G., 2013- Negotiating proximity: Expert testimony and collective memory in the trials of environmental activists in France and the United Kingdom. Law & Policy [online], 35(3), 208-235. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/lapo.12004 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Hilson, C., 2012. UK climate change litigation: between hard and soft framing. In: S. Farrall, T. Ahmed and D. French, eds. Criminological and legal consequences of climate change. Oxford: Hart, pp. 47-61.

Lees, E., 2017. Responsibility and liability for climate loss and damage after Paris. Climate Policy [online], 17(1), 59-70. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2016.1197095 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Long, L.N., and Hamilton, T., 2017. Case Comment—Washington v. Brockway: One Small Step Closer to Climate Necessity. McGill Journal of Sustainable Development Law [online], 13(1), 151-179. Available from: https://www.mcgill.ca/mjsdl/files/mjsdl/hamilton_and_long_march_31.pdf [Accessed 1 June 2018].

McKinnon, C., 2012. Climate change and future justice: Precaution, compensation and triage. Abingdon: Routledge.

Nathanson, R., 2015. Climate-change activists consider the necessity defense. The New Yorker [online], 11 April. Available from: https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/climate-change-activists-consider-the-necessity-defense [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Osofsky, H.M., 2005. The geography of climate change litigation: Implications for transnational regulatory governance. Washington University Law Quarterly [online], 83(6), 1789-1855. Available from: https://wustllawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/3-40.pdf [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Our Children’s Trust, n.d. Securing the Legal Right to a Safe Climate and a Healthy Atmosphere for all Present and Future Generations [homepage] (online). Available from: https://www.ourchildrenstrust.org/ [Accessed 22 May 2018].

Page, E., 2006. Climate change, justice and future generations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

Peel, J., Godden, L., and Keenan, R.J., 2012. Climate change law in an era of multi-level governance. Transnational Environmental Law [online], 1(2), 245-280. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102512000052 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Richardson, B.J., 2017a. Doing time – The temporalities of environmental law. In: L. Kotze, ed., Environmental Law and Governance for the Anthropocene. Oxford: Hart, pp. 55-74.

Richardson, B.J., 2017b. Time and Environmental Law: Telling Nature’s Time. Cambridge University Press.

Rogers, N., 2013. Climate change litigation and the awfulness of lawfulness. Alternative Law Journal [online], 38, 20-24. Available from: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1037969X1303800105 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Rogers, N., 2015. If you obey all of the rules you miss all the fun: Climate change litigation, climate change activism and lawfulness. New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law [online], 13(1), 179-199. Available from: https://epubs.scu.edu.au/law_pubs/417/ [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Schwarz, M., 2010. The Drax 29 and the Kingsnorth 6: Different defences, different outcomes. ELFline [online], spring-summer. Available from: https://www.bindmans.com/uploads/files/documents/elf_line_article_Spring_Summer_2010__2_.pdf [Accessed 1 June 2018].

The Constitution [of Norway], as laid down on 17 May 1814 by the Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll and subsequently amended, most recently in May 2018 [online], Article 112. Available from: https://www.stortinget.no/globalassets/pdf/english/constitutionenglish.pdf [Accessed 5 June 2018].

Urgenda, 2014. Summons in the Case: Urgenda Foundation v Kingdom of the Netherlands (Final draft Translation) [online]. 25 June. Available from: http://www.urgenda.nl/wp-content/uploads/Translation-Summons-in-case-Urgenda-v-Dutch-State-v.25.06.10.pdf [Accessed 22 May 2018].

Vanhala, L., and Hestbaek, C., 2016. Framing climate change loss and damage in UNFCCC negotiations. Global Environmental Politics [online], 16(4), 111-129. Available from: https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1162/GLEP_a_00379 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Vanhala, L., and Hilson, C., 2013. Climate change litigation: Symposium introduction. Law & Policy [online], 35(3), 141-149. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/lapo.12007 [Accessed 1 June 2018].

Downloads

Published

18-10-2017

How to Cite

Hilson, C. (2017) “Framing Time in Climate Change Litigation”, Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 9(3), pp. 361–379. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1063.