El control de constitucionalidad de la ‘legislación popular’ (Constitutional Review of Direct Legislation)
Keywords:
Constitutional justice, Referendum, Direct democracy, Judicial review, Judicial deferenceAbstract
El control de constitucionalidad de las leyes implica lo que Cappelletti denominó “un formidable problema”: jueces sin legitimidad democrática directa controlan normas creadas por los representantes electos de los ciudadanos. El mecanismo produce una importante tensión entre la racionalidad jurídica y los principios puramente democráticos. El presente trabajo estudia cómo esta tensión llega a cotas máximas cuando la norma legal a enjuiciar ha sido aprobada por los ciudadanos a través de referéndum y analiza cómo se ha desarrollado este tipo de control en Estados Unidos, Francia y España. A la luz de los casos estudiados, se sugiere la necesidad de que la jurisdicción constitucional actúe en determinadas circunstancias con especial deferencia cuando se enfrente a productos normativos aprobados de modo directo por la ciudadanía.
Judicial review of legislation implies what Cappelletti called “a mighty problem”: judges without direct democratic legitimacy review legal regulations created by elected representatives. The mechanism generates great tension between legal rationality and democratic principles. This paper analyzes how this tension reaches a high point when the regulation at issue has been approved by the people through a referendum and examines how this review process has developed in the United States, France and Spain. In the light of the analyzed cases, it is suggested that the constitutional jurisdiction act, under certain circumstances, with special deference when it faces legal rules directly approved by the people.
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