Introduction: Sociology of law and prison studies: The social uses of law within the prison’s legal field
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2363Keywords:
Prison, law, cultures, ethnography, empirical researchAbstract
This article examines the role of law and its social uses within the carceral field. Prisons are institutional settings saturated with official legal norms, yet their operative application is deeply shaped by the prison’s distinct social, symbolic and moral order. Introducing the contributions collected in this Special Issue, the article explores how law is practically mobilized, reinterpreted, or rendered ineffective in everyday prison life. It calls for an empirically grounded sociology of law that shifts attention from abstract legal frameworks to the situated practices through which legal norms are invoked, contested, or bypassed. Legal resources are thus conceptualized as part of a broader repertoire of normative tools deployed to exercise institutional control or articulate practices of resistance. By adopting a socio-legal perspective, the article aims to reframe the relationship between formal legal structures and the lived normative orders that emerge within carceral institutions. It contributes to bridging Prison Studies and the Sociology of Law by addressing fundamental questions about the role of law in highly regulated yet socially complex environments.
Downloads
Metrics
Global Statistics ℹ️
38
Views
|
19
Downloads
|
57
Total
|
References
Allegri, P.A., 2025. Learning and training while serving time: Conflictual dynamics and cooperation techniques between prison actors and vocational experts. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.1998
Benguigui, G., Chauvenet, A., and Orlic, F., 1994. Les surveillants de prison et la règle. Deviance et Société [online], 18(3), 275–295. https://www.persee.fr/doc/ds_0378-7931_1994_num_18_3_1346
Bennett, J., Crewe, B., and Wahidin, A., eds, 2007. Understanding Prison Staff. London: Willan.
Bourdieu, P., 1987. The force of law: toward a sociology of the juridical field. Hastings Law Journal, 38(5), 814–853.
Bowker, L.H., 1983. An Essay on Prison Violence. The Prison Journal [online], 63(1), 24-31. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/essay-prison-violence
Buntman, F., 2019. Prison and Law, Repression and Resistance: Colonialism and Beyond. In: P.J. Havik et al., eds., Empires and Colonial Incarceration in the Twentieth Century. London: Routledge.
Carbonnier, J., 2004. Sociologie Juridique. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Carbonnier, J., 1976. Flexible Droit: pour une sociologie du droit sans rigueur. Paris: LGDJ.
Chantraine, G., 2013. Prisons under the lens of ethnographic criticism. Criminal Justice Matters [online], 91(1), 30-31. https://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/sites/default/files/09627251.2013.778759.pdf
Clemmer, D., 1940. The Prison Community. New York: Rinehart.
Cliquennois, G., Cartuyvels Y., and Champetier, B., 2014. Le controle judiciaire européen de la prison: le droit de l'homme au fondement d'un panoptisme inversé? Déviance et Société [online], 38(4), 491-519. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-deviance-et-societe-2014-4-page-491?lang=fr
Combessie, P., 2002. La ville et la prison une troublante cohabitation. Revue Projet [online], 269(1), 70-76. https://shs.cairn.info/revue-projet-2002-1-page-70?lang=fr
Coyle, M.J., and Scott, D., eds., 2021. The Routledge International Handbook of Penal Abolition. London: Routledge.
Crewe, B., 2011. Depth, weight, tightness: Revisiting the pains of imprisonment. Punishment & Society [online], 13(5), 509-529. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474511422172
Crewe, B., and Bennett, J., eds, 2012. The Prisoner. London: Routledge.
de Galembert, C., and Rostaing, C., 2014. What Fundamental Rights Change in Prisons. Droit et société [online], 87(2), 291-302. https://shs.cairn.info/journal-droit-et-societe1-2014-2-page-291?lang=en
di Marco, A., and Venturella, M., 2016. Il carcere oltre il carcere. Etnografia e Ricerca Qualitativa [online], 2, 339-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3240/84125
Drake, D.H., 2012. Prisons, Punishment and the Pursuit of Security. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Drake, D.H., 2018. Prisons and State Building. Promoting “The Fiasco of the Prison” in a Global Context. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy [online], 7(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i4.1041
Durand, C., 2014. Construire sa légitimité à énoncer le droit. Étude de doléances de prisonniers. Droit et Société [online], 87. https://doi.org/10.3917/drs.087.0329
Ehrlich, E., 1936. Fundamental principles of the sociology of law. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Foucault, M., 1975. Surveiller et punir: naissance de la prison. Paris: Gallimard.
Gariglio, L., 2019. Challenging prison officers’ discretion: “good reasons” to treat courteously mafiosi in custody in Italy. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography [online], 48(1), 80-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241617749012
Garland, D., 1990. Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory [online]. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226922508.001.0001
Giamberardino, A.R., 2025. Illegalisms and discipline in a Brazilian prison: An analysis of the social uses of law in prison based on cases of cell phone seizures. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2049
Goffman, E., 1961. Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Chicago: Aldine.
Griffiths, J., 2017. What is sociology of law? On law, rules, social control and sociology. Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law [online], 49(2), 93-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2017.1340057
Haggerty, K.D., and Bucerius, S.M., 2021. Picking battles: Correctional officers, rules and discretion in prison. Criminology [online], 59(1), 137-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12263
Ignatieff, M., 1978. A Just Measure of Pain: The Penitentiary in the Industrial Revolution, 1750-1850. New York: Pantheon Books.
Irti, N., 2005. Nichilismo Giuridico. Rome: Laterza.
Irwin, J., and Cressey, D., 1962. Thieves, Convicts and the Inmate Culture. Social Problems, 10(2), 142-155.
Kalica, E., 2025. Convict and critical criminology: Some challenges emerged during a mentoring experience. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2169
Kalica, E., and Santorso, S., eds., 2018. Farsi la galera. Spazi e culture del penitenziario. Verona: Ombre Corte.
Liebling, A., 2000. Prison officers, policing and the use of discretion. Theoretical Criminology [online], 4(3), 333-357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480600004003005
Luzzati, C., 2011. Significato liquido. Sociologia del Diritto [online], 2, 165-178. https://doi.org/10.3280/SD2011-002008
Maculan, A., 2023. Bourdieu in carcere. Appunti per una sociologia del campo penitenziario. Sociologia del Diritto [online], 1. https://doi.org/10.54103/1972-5760/20943
Maculan, A., and Sterchele, L., 2022. The “left” and “right” arm of the prison: Prison work and the local legal culture of the penitentiary. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 12(6). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1310
Maculan, A., 2022. La galera incorporata. Etnografia della polizia penitenziaria. Sant’Arcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli.
Maculan, A., 2025. Law as a weapon: Exploring prisoners' strategic use of the law in the prison field. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2041
Maguire, D., 2021. Vulnerable Prisoner Masculinities in an English Prison. Man and Masculinities [online], 24(3), 501-518. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X19888966
Mathiesen, T., 1965. The defences of the weak. A sociological study of a Norwegian correctional institution. London: Tavistock.
Melossi, D., and Pavarini, M., 1977. Carcere e fabbrica. Alle origini del sistema penitenziario. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Melossi, D., Sozzo, M., and Brandariz-García, J.A., eds, 2018. The Political Economy of Punishment Today. Visions, Debates and Challenges [online]. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315542713
Miravalle, M., 2025. Gangs, mafia, organised groups in prisons: the formal and informal strategies of managing the “public enemy”: Two cases-study between Global North and Global South. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2076
Mosconi, G., 2001. La crisi post-moderna del diritto penale e i suoi effetti sull’istituzione penitenziaria. Rassegna Penitenziaria e Criminologica, 1/3, 3-35.
Pollack, S., 2005. Taming the shrew: regulating prisoners through women-centered mental health programming. Critical Criminology [online], 13(1), 71-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-004-6168-5
Ricciardelli, R., Maier, K., and Hannah-Moffat, K., 2015. Strategic masculinities: Vulnerabilities, risk and the production of prison masculinities. Theoretical Criminology [online], 19(4), 491-513. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480614565849
Rivera, I., 2025. The fall of a guaranteed culture in the production of law: The case of mechanical restraints in prisons in Spain. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2031
Rivet, N., 2025. Privatization as bureaucratization: Contracts, accountability, and uses of law in the privatization of French Prisons. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2019
Ronco, D., 2018. Cura sotto controllo. Il diritto alla salute in carcere. Rome: Carocci.
Ronco, D., 2025. The Italian Supervisory Court’s professional culture and practices: Among legal norms, bureaucratization, and prison moral environment. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2037
Rostaing, C., 2014. L’ordre négocié en prison : ouvrir la boîte noire du processus disciplinaire. Droit et Société [online], 87(2), 303-328. https://doi.org/10.3917/drs.087.0303
Rothman, D., 1971. The Discovery of the Asylum. Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic. Boston/Toronto: Little, Brown and Company.
Rusche, G., and Kirchheimer, O., 1939. Punishment and Social Structure [online]. New York: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/rusc92484
Salle, G., and Chantraine, G., 2009. Le droit emprisonné? Politix [online], 87(3), 93-117. https://doi.org/10.3917/pox.087.0093
Santoro, E., ed., 2010. Diritto come questione sociale. Turin: Giappichelli.
Santorso, S., 2025. Harm and governance of prisons’ systemic overcrowding. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2044
Sarzotti, C., 2010. Il campo giuridico del penitenziario: appunti per una ricostruzione. In: E. Santoro, ed., Diritto come questione sociale. Turin: Giappichelli.
Sbraccia, A., and Vianello, F., 2022. Legal culture and professional cultures in the prison system. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 12(6), 1463-1491. https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1324
Sbraccia, A., 2007. More or less eligibility? Prospettive teoriche sui processi di criminalizzazione dei migranti irregolari in Italia. Studi sulla questione criminale, 2(1), 91-108.
Sbraccia, A., Vianello, F., 2016. Introduzione. Carcere, ricerca sociologica, etnografia. Etnografia e Ricerca Qualitativa, 9(2), 183-210.
Scott, J.C., 1985. Weapons of the Weak. Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Scraton, P., 2020. Fractured lives, dissenting voices, recovering “truth”. Frontiers of research and resistance. International Journal of Crime, Justice and Social Democracy [online], 9(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.1686
Scraton, P., Sim, J., and Skidmore, P., 1991. Prisons Under Protest. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Sim, J., 1990. Medical Power in Prisons. The Prison Medical Service in England (1774-1989). Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Sparks, R., Bottoms, A., and Hay, W., 1996. Prisons and the Problem of Order. Oxford University Press.
Sterchele, L., 2021. Il carcere invisibile. Etnografia dei saperi medici e psichiatrici nell’arcipelago carcerario. Milan: Meltemi.
Sterchele, L., 2025. Learning to labor in prison: How healthcare workers navigate carceral settings and the prison’s legal culture. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2051
Stroppa, R., 2025. El papel del aislamiento en el mantenimiento del orden en prisión. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/2024
Sykes, G.H., 1958. The society of captives: a study of a maximum security prison. Princeton University Press.
Symkovych, A., 2018. Do men in prison have nothing to lose but their manhood? Masculinities of prisoners and officers in a Ukrainian Correctional Colony. Men and Masculinities [online], 21(5), 665-686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X17696172
Torrente, G., 2014. Il ruolo dell'educatore penitenziario nel processo di criminalizzazione. Osservazioni da una ricerca sul campo. Studi sulla questione criminale, 9(1-2), 137-156.
Torrente, G., 2016. “Mi raccomando, non fategli del male”: La violenza del carcere nelle pratiche decisionali degli operatori. Etnografia e ricerca qualitativa, 2, 267–283.
Torrente, G., 2018. Le regole della galera. Pratiche penitenziarie, educatori e processi di criminalizzazione. Turin: L’Harmattan Italia.
Torrente, G., 2025. Prison educators in the shadow of prison rules: Results from a field research in Italy. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 15(4-this issue). https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.2052
Vianello, F., 2017. Nella colonia penale. Un approccio sociogiuridico al diritto nel penitenziario. In: M.L. Ghezzi et al., eds., Processo penale, cultura giuridica e ricerca empiricia. Santarcangelo di Romagna: Maggioli.
Vianello, F., 2012. Sociologia del carcere. Rome: Carocci.
Vianello, F., 2018. Norme, codici, condotte: la cultura del penitenziario. Gli attori sociali di fronte alle criticità dell’ambiente penitenziario. Sociologia del Diritto [online], 3, 67-85. https://doi.org/10.3280/SD2018-003004
Wacquant, L., 2002. The curious eclipse of prison ethnography in the age of mass incarceration. Ethnography [online], 3(4), 371-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138102003004012
Wacquant, L., 2012. The Prison is an Outlaw Institution. The Howard Journal [online], 51(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2011.00686.x
Warr, J., 2007. Personal reflections on prison staff. In: J. Bennett, B. Crewe and A. Wahidin, eds., Understanding Prison Staff. New York: Routledge.
Wheeler, S., 1961. Socialization in Correctional Communities. American Sociological Review [online], 26(5), 697-712. https://doi.org/10.2307/2090199
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Luca Sterchele, Francesca Vianello

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
OSLS strictly respects intellectual property rights and it is our policy that the author retains copyright, and articles are made available under a Creative Commons licence. The Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution No-Derivatives licence is our default licence and it regulates how others can use your work. Further details available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 If this is not acceptable to you, please contact us.
The non-exclusive permission you grant to us includes the rights to disseminate the bibliographic details of the article, including the abstract supplied by you, and to authorise others, including bibliographic databases, indexing and contents alerting services, to copy and communicate these details.
For information on how to share and store your own article at each stage of production from submission to final publication, please read our Self-Archiving and Sharing policy.
The Copyright Notice showing the author and co-authors, and the Creative Commons license will be displayed on the article, and you must agree to this as part of the submission process. Please ensure that all co-authors are properly attributed and that they understand and accept these terms.