The Effect of Gender on Decision-Making in the Juvenile Justice System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1057Keywords:
gender, court, juvenile justice system, decision-makingAbstract
There is enough evidence in scientific literature about the effect of gender on the decision-making in the Juvenile Justice System. However, in Spain, there are no known empirical studies in this regard. An approximation to our reality might serve as a starting point for a deeper analysis on the issue. The aim of the present study was to perform a descriptive, retrospective study of the cases disposed to the juvenile court judge during eight months in the Juvenile Court of Guadalajara, Spain. The final data set contained 166 cases, 127 boys and 39 girls disposed to the Juvenile Court of Guadalajara for committing some crime in the territorial scope of this province, No differences between sexes occurred in any case. Neither if only violent crimes are considered. All professionals who have intervened in the decision-making were women. This circumstance could influence the results obtained.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads:
PDF 474
References
Almeda Samaranch, E., y Bodelón González, E., eds., 2007. Mujeres y castigo: un enfoque socio-jurídico y de género. Madrid: Dykinson.
Barberet, R., 2014. Women, Crime and Criminal Justice: A Global Enquiry. Londres: Routledge.
Bodelón González, E., y Aedo Rivera, M., 2015. Las niñas en el sistema de Justicia Penal. Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez [en línea], 49, 219-236. Disponible en: http://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/acfs/article/view/3283 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Bradley, M.S., y Engen, R.L., 2016. Leaving Prison: A Multilevel Investigation of Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disproportionality in Correctional Release. Crime & Delinquency [en línea], 62(2), 253-279. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128714557023 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Brown, J.M., y Sorensen, J.R., 2014. Legal and Extra-Legal Factors Related to the Imposition of Blended Sentences. Criminal Justice Policy Review [en línea], 25(2), 227-241. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403412465431 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Cámara Arroyo, S., 2011. El internamiento de las menores infractoras en España. Anuario de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Alcalá [en línea], 4, 335-375. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/58908894.pdf [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Carlen, P., 2012. Women’s imprisonment: an introduction to the Bangkok rules. Revista Crítica Penal y Poder [en línea], nº 3, 148-157. Disponible en: http://www.ucipfg.com/Repositorio/EPDP/Curso%20002/bloque_academico/Unidad05/Pat_Carlen_Ruleso%20Bangkok.pdf [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Carr, N.T., et al., 2008. Gender Effects Along the Juvenile Justice System: Evidence of a Gendered Organization. Feminist Criminology [en línea], 3(1), 25-43. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085107311390 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Chesney-Lind, M., y Pasko, L., eds., 2013. The Female Offender: Girls, Women, and Crime. 3ª ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Cid, J., et al., 2002. Jueces penales y penas en España. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
Daly, K., 1987. Discrimination in the Criminal Courts: Family, Gender, and the Problem of Equal Treatment. Social Forces [en línea], 66(1), 152. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/66.1.152 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Deering, R., y Mellor, D., 2009. Sentencing of Male and Female Child Sex Offenders: Australian Study. Psychiatry, Psychology & Law [en línea], 16(3), 394-412. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/13218710902930291 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Embry, R., y Lyons, P.M., 2012. Sex-based sentencing: Sentencing discrepancies between male and female sex offenders. Feminist Criminology [en línea], 7(2), 146-162. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085111430214 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Equipo Barañí, 2001. Mujeres gitanas y sistema penal. Madrid: METYEL.
Fernández-Molina, E., Bernuz, M.J., y Bartolomé-Gutiérrez, R., 2017. Spain. En: S. Decker y N. Marteache, eds., International Handbook of Juvenile Justice. Cham: Springer, 421-444.
Franklin, C.A., y Fearn, N.E., 2008. Gender, race, and formal court decision-making outcomes: Chivalry/paternalism, conflict theory or gender conflict? Journal of Criminal Justice [en línea], 36(3), 279-290. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.04.009 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Freiburger, T., 2011. The Impact of Gender, Offense Type, and Familial Role on the Decision to Incarcerate. Social Justice Research [en línea], 24(2), 143-167. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128708330178 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Freiburger, T.L. y Hilinski-Rosick, C.M., 2013. An Examination of the Interactions of Race and Gender on Sentencing Decisions Using a Trichotomous Dependent Variable. Crime & Delinquency [en línea], 59, 59-86. Disponible en: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/scjpeerpubs/12 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Goethals, J., Maes, E., y Klinckhamers, P., 1997. Sex/gender-based decision-making in the criminal justice system as a possible (additional) explanation for the underrepresentation of women in official criminal statistics – A review of international literature. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice [en línea], 21(1-2), 207-240. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1997.9678596 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Hassett-Walker, C., Lateano, T., y Di Benedetto, M., 2014. Do female sex offenders receive preferential treatment in criminal charging and sentencing? Justice System Journal [en línea], 35(1), 62-86. Disponible en: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0098261X.2013.868278 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Howell, R.J., y Hutto, T.S., 2012. Sentencing Convicted Juvenile Felony Offenders in the Adult Court: The Direct Effects of Race. Behavioral Sciences & The Law [en línea], 30(6), 782-799. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2012 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Koons-Witt, B., 2002. The effect of gender on the decision to incarcerate before and after the introduction of sentencing guidelines. Criminology [en línea], 40(2), 297-327. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00958.x [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Kratcoski, P.C., y Edelbacher, M.M., 2009. Juvenile justice in Austria and the United States: similarities and differences. International Journal of Police Science & Management [en línea], 11(2), 203-216. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1350%2Fijps.2009.11.2.124 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Leiber, M.J., y Peck, J.H., 2015. Race, Gender, Crime Severity, and Decision Making in the Juvenile Justice System. Crime & Delinquency [en línea], 61(6), 771-797. Disponible en: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0011128712446898 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
McCarter, S., 2009. Legal and Extralegal Factors Affecting Minority Overrepresentation in Virginia’s Juvenile Justice System: A Mixed-Method Study. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal [en línea], 26(6), 533-544. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-009-0185-x [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Moore, L.D., y Padavic, I., 2010. Racial and ethnic disparities in girls’ sentencing in the juvenile justice system. Feminist Criminology [en línea], 5(3), 263-285. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085110380583 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Naredo, M., 2004. ¿Qué nos enseñan las reclusas? La criminalización de la pobreza desde la situación de reclusas extranjeras y gitanas. Humanismo y trabajo social [en línea], 67-94. Disponible en: https://buleria.unileon.es/bitstream/handle/10612/1447/NaredoMolero.pdf?sequence=1 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Pollak, O., 1950. The Criminality of Women. Filadelfia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Rodríguez, S.F., Curry, T.R., y Lee, G., 2006. Gender Differences in Criminal Sentencing: Do Effects Vary Across Violent, Property, and Drug Offenses? Social Science Quarterly [en línea], 87(2), 318-339. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00383.x [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Sandler, J., y Freeman, N.J., 2011. Female sex offenders and the criminal justice system: A comparison of arrests and outcomes. Journal of Sexual Aggression [en línea], 17(1), 61-76. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2010.537380 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Schwalbe, C., y Maschi, T., 2009. Investigating Probation Strategies with Juvenile Offenders: The Influence of Officers’ Attitudes and Youth Characteristics. Law & Human Behavior [en línea], 33(5), 357-367. Disponible en: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10979-008-9158-4 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Scott, J.W., 2011. Género: ¿Todavía una categoría útil para el análisis? La manzana de la Discordia [en línea], 6(1), 95-101. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v6i1.1514 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Simon, R., 1975. Women and Crime. Lexington Books.
Spivak, A.L., et al., 2014. Gender and status offending: Judicial paternalism in juvenile justice processing. Feminist Criminology [en línea], 9(3), 224-248. Disponible en: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/1557085114531318 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Terblanche, S.S., 2012. The child justice act: a detailed consideration of section 68 as a point of departure with respect to the sentencing of young offenders. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal [en línea], 15(5), 435-475. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i5a2531 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Van den Bergh, B.J., et al., 2011. Imprisonment and women's health: concerns about gender sensitivity, human rights and public health. Bulletin of The World Health Organization [en línea], 89(9), 689-694. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.10.082842 [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Visher, C.A., 1983, Gender, Police Arrest Decisions, and Notions of Chivalry. Criminology [en línea], 21, 5-28. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1983.tb00248.x [Con acceso el 4 de julio de 2019].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Ricardo Gallego Córcoles, Raquel Bartolomé Gutiérrez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
OSLS strictly respects intellectual property rights and it is our policy that the author retains copyright, and articles are made available under a Creative Commons licence. The Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution No-Derivatives licence is our default licence, further details available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 If this is not acceptable to you, please contact us.
The non-exclusive permission you grant to us includes the rights to disseminate the bibliographic details of the article, including the abstract supplied by you, and to authorise others, including bibliographic databases, indexing and contents alerting services, to copy and communicate these details.
For information on how to share and store your own article at each stage of production from submission to final publication, please read our Self-Archiving and Sharing policy.
The Copyright Notice showing the author and co-authors, and the Creative Commons license will be displayed on the article, and you must agree to this as part of the submission process. Please ensure that all co-authors are properly attributed and that they understand and accept these terms.
