Les rituels judiciaires et parajudiciaires: conciliations et arbitrages dans le Nord de l’Afrique (exemples algérien, soudanais, nigérien) (The Judiciary and Parajudiciary Rituals: Conciliations and Arbitrations in the North of Africa)
Keywords:
Rituel, conciliation, arbitrage, islam, droit, Ritual, arbitration, Islam, law, conciliación, arbitraje, derechoAbstract
Cet article porte sur des exemples de conciliation (sulh, en arabe) et d’arbitrage (tahkim, en arabe) algérien, soudanais et nigérien. L’objectif de cette analyse comparée de rituels, en particulier ceux ouvrant et de clôturant les séances de conciliation et d’arbitrage, est de mettre en exergue leur dimension performative, de comprendre la part jouée par l’orientation spatiale, le langage, la gestuelle, la mobilisation d'artefacts, etc. Il s’agit en outre de comprendre le sens que ces rituels revêtent localement, ainsi que les mythes auxquels ils renvoient. L’approche ethnographique suggère que le rituel vient renforcer l’efficacité pratique et symbolique de l’action judiciaire et parajudiciaire et qu’il contribue à mettre l’emphase sur les idéaux qui traversent les groupes impliqués.
This paper deals with examples of conciliation (sulh, in Arabic) and arbitration (tahkim, in Arabic) from Algeria, Sudan and Niger. The objective of this comparative analysis of rituals, in particular those opening and closing the conciliation and arbitration sessions, is to highlight their performative dimension, to understand the part played by spatial orientation, language, gesture, the mobilization of artefacts, etc. It aims also at understanding the significance of these rituals locally (in their context), as well as the myths to which they refer to. The ethnographic approach suggests that the ritual reinforces the practical and symbolic effectiveness of judiciary and para-judiciary action and contributes to emphasize the ideals that are shared by the groups involved.
Este artículo ofrece ejemplos de conciliación (sulh, en árabe) y arbitraje (tahkim, en árabe) de Argelia, Sudán y Níger. El objetivo de este análisis comparativo de rituales, en particular los de apertura y cierre de sesiones de conciliación y arbitraje, es destacar su dimensión realizativa, para entender el papel que desempeñan la orientación espacial, la lengua, la gestualidad, la movilización de artefactos, etc. También pretende comprender el significado de estos rituales de forma local (en su contexto), así como de los mitos a los que hacen referencia. El enfoque etnográfico hace pensar que el ritual refuerza la eficacia práctica y simbólica de la acción judicial y parajudicial y contribuye a enfatizar los ideales compartidos por los grupos de personas implicadas.
Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-0941
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