The Acceptance of Apologies in the Corrective Process: Implications for Research and Practice
Keywords:
Apology, apology acceptance, corrective process, forgiveness, law, mediation, restorative justice, Disculpas, aceptación de disculpas, proceso correctivo, perdón, derecho, mediación, justicia restaurativaAbstract
Apology scholars and researchers in psychology, law, and justice commonly conceptualise the corrective process that follows wrongful behaviour as an apology-followed-by-forgiveness sequence. In this paper, however, we suggest on the basis of our analysis of the research literature that a more suitable conceptualisation of the corrective process is one that includes the acceptance of an apology as an additional discrete step that is distinct from forgiveness. We begin with a brief discussion of the psychological view of apologies as a process of negotiation between offending and offended parties, and how psychologists conceive peoples’ responses to apologies. We also review the psychological literature to determine how psychologists define the acceptance of an apology and how they view it within the corrective process. We then briefly examine how the outcome of forgiveness is commonly used as a restorative ideal in the context of restorative justice conferencing and suggest that assessing instead the acceptance of an apology may be more appropriate in this setting. We conclude the paper with a brief agenda for further research
Habitualmente, los académicos que estudian las disculpas y los investigadores en psicología, derecho y justicia conceptualizan el proceso correctivo que sigue a un comportamiento ilegal como una secuencia disculpa-seguida-de-perdón. Este artículo, sin embargo, se sugiere, a partir del análisis de literatura científica, que sería más adecuado realizar una conceptualización del proceso correctivo incluyendo la aceptación de una disculpa como un paso diferente adicional que es distinto del perdón. En primer lugar se trata de forma breve la visión de las disculpas como un proceso de negociación entre víctimas y victimarios, y cómo conciben los psicólogos las respuestas de la gente ante las disculpas. También se analiza la literatura sobre psicología para determinar cómo definen los psicólogos la aceptación de una disculpa y cómo la ven dentro del proceso correctivo. A continuación se investiga brevemente cómo se usa comúnmente el resultado del perdón como un ideal restaurativo en el ámbito de la justicia restaurativa, y sugiere en su lugar evaluar si la aceptación de una disculpa podría ser más apropiada en este contexto. El artículo finaliza con una breve agenda de futuras investigaciones.
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