Pressure on judges: How managerialisation and evolving professional standards affect judges’ autonomy, efficiency and stress

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.1672

Keywords:

performance management, court management, professional standards, judicial administration, judges’ autonomy, efficiency, courts’ budgeting, Gestión del rendimiento, gestión de los tribunales, normas profesionales, administración judicial, autonomía de los jueces, eficiencia, presupuesto de los tribunales

Abstract

In recent decades, many judicial systems have witnessed the "managerialisation" of justice—a phenomenon involving the application of private sector techniques to enhance court functioning. These techniques encompass engaging professional managers, reorganizing services, implementing performance measures, and adopting performance-based budgeting. Balancing these approaches with judges' professional standards, as independence and quality, raises critical questions. How does managerialisation affect judges' organization, autonomy, work quality, efficiency, and work-related stress? A survey conducted from June to December 2020 among first-instance judges in Finland, Italy, and the Netherlands, with distinct budgeting models, aimed to understand the impact. The questionnaire explored pressure sources, perceived stress levels, and mechanisms mitigating pressure and stress. Results showed significant differences in work organization, performance targets, and judge autonomy. However, similarities emerged in perceived pressure, work-related stress, and motivation. The study suggests that while not a panacea, managerialisation doesn't inherently increase pressure and stress. It may improve court organization, clarifying the interplay between professional standards and financial considerations.

En las últimas décadas, muchos sistemas judiciales han sido testigos de la “gerencialización” de la justicia, un fenómeno que implica la aplicación de técnicas del sector privado para mejorar el funcionamiento de los tribunales. Estas técnicas abarcan la contratación de gestores profesionales, la reorganización de los servicios, la aplicación de medidas de rendimiento y la adopción de presupuestos basados en el rendimiento. Equilibrar estos enfoques con las normas profesionales de los jueces, como la independencia y la calidad, plantea cuestiones críticas. ¿Cómo afecta la gerencialización a la organización, la autonomía, la calidad del trabajo, la eficiencia y el estrés laboral de los jueces? Una encuesta realizada entre junio y diciembre de 2020 entre jueces de primera instancia de Finlandia, Italia y los Países Bajos, con distintos modelos presupuestarios, tenía como objetivo comprender el impacto. El cuestionario exploraba las fuentes de presión, los niveles de estrés percibidos y los mecanismos para mitigar la presión y el estrés. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la organización del trabajo, los objetivos de rendimiento y la autonomía de los jueces. Sin embargo, surgieron similitudes en la presión percibida, el estrés laboral y la motivación. El estudio insinúa que, aunque no es una panacea, la gerencialización no aumenta intrínsecamente la presión y el estrés. Puede mejorar la organización de los tribunales, aclarando la interacción entre las normas profesionales y las consideraciones financieras.

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Author Biographies

Federica Viapiana, Institute of Legal Informatics and Judicial Systems (IGSG)

Institute of Legal Informatics and Judicial Systems (IGSG). Email: viapiana.federica@gmail.com

Frans van Dijk, Utrecht University/European Network of Councils for the Judiciary/Netherlands Council for the Judiciary

Montaigne Centre for rule of law and administration of justice, Utrecht University, European Network of Councils for the Judiciary and Netherlands Council for the judiciary. Email: f.vandijk@uu.nl

Bart Diephuis, Netherlands Council for the Judiciary

Netherlands Council for the judiciary. Email: b.diephuis@rechtspraak.nl

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Published

12-12-2023 — Updated on 20-12-2023

How to Cite

Viapiana, F., van Dijk, F. and Diephuis, B. (2023) “Pressure on judges: How managerialisation and evolving professional standards affect judges’ autonomy, efficiency and stress”, Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 13(S1), pp. S347-S385. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl.1672.