Multi-level Governance in Environmental Risk Management
Keywords:
Sociology of Risk, Public Organizations, Multi-Level Governance, sociología del riesgo, organizaciones públicas, gobierno multi-nivelAbstract
The article examines regulatory strategies in the field of ecological disaster management with reference to the sociology of risk. The risk perspective draws attention to the fact that political strategies of regulation are to be understood as processes of risk transformation. The behavior of regulatory agencies is related to their perception of risks and opportunities. From this point of view, efforts in the field of disaster management appear as processes that turn perceived environmental threats into risks and opportunities for the agencies involved. The article shows the course of such a governance process which transforms environmental disasters into organizational risks and opportunities. This leads to the following research question: Which types of organizations favor strategies of risk avoidance and which organizations rather allow active pursuit of opportunities? The empirical part of this study is based on data obtained by field research in a multi-level negotiation system set up for managing hazardous wastes. Empirical findings support the assumption that organizational stability is a central condition for active pursuit of opportunities whereas organizational instability supports an orientation towards the avoidance of organizational risk.
El artículo examina las estrategias reguladoras en el ámbito de la gestión de los desastres ecológicos, haciendo referencia a la sociología del riesgo. La perspectiva de riesgo pone su atención sobre el hecho de que las estrategias políticas de regulación se deben entender como procesos de transformación de riesgos. El comportamiento de las agencias reguladoras se relaciona con su percepción de los riesgos y oportunidades. Desde este punto de vista, los esfuerzos en el campo de la gestión de catástrofes se convierten en procesos que transforman las amenazas medioambientales (percibidas) en riesgos y oportunidades para las agencias involucradas. El artículo muestra el desarrollo de este tipo de gobierno que convierte los desastres medioambientales en riesgos y oportunidades organizativas. Esto lleva a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué tipo de organizaciones favorecen las estrategias de prevención de riesgos y qué organizaciones permiten la búsqueda activa de oportunidades? La parte empírica de este estudio se basa en datos obtenidos en estudios de campo en un sistema de negociación multi-nivel, creado para gestionar residuos peligrosos. Los resultados empíricos apoyan la hipótesis de que la estabilidad de las organizaciones es una condición básica para la búsqueda activa de oportunidades mientras que la inestabilidad organizacional favorece una orientación hacia la prevención de riesgos en las organizaciones.
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