The legal field as battleground for social struggle
Reclaiming law from the margins
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1216Keywords:
Social movements, property, commons, law, critical legal studiesAbstract
Scepticism towards law’s potential of fostering social change has been widespread in critical theory and contributed to strengthen social movements’ mistrust vis-à-vis the use of legal tools to advance their claims. Such “anti-law” posture is based on the assumption that law would formalise existing relations of domination and posits the need for a political praxis liberated from “legalistic drifts”. This article discusses how legal tactics in favour of social change have been employed by social movements exerting a counter-hegemonic use of law in the post-2008 economic crisis conjuncture. The example of the struggle for the commons will be analysed as paradigmatic of how the interests of the marginalised can be protected by resorting to existing property arrangements, and how it is possible to reclaim law from the margins.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads:
PDF_11_6S_Pecile_OSLS 234
XML_11_6S_Pecile_OSLS 106
References
Althusser, L., 1971. Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes towards an Investigation). In: L. Althusser, Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Angiolini, C., 2016. Possibilità e limiti dei recenti regolamenti comunali in materia di beni comuni. In: A. Quarta and M. Spanò, eds., Beni Comuni 2.0: Contro-egemonia e nuove istituzioni. Milan-Udine: Mimesis, 147–156.
Arampatzi, A., 2017. The spatiality of counter-austerity politics in Athens, Greece: Emergent “urban solidarity spaces”. Urban Studies [online], 54(9), 2155–2171. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016629311 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016629311
Bailey, S., and Mattei, U., 2013. Social Movements as Constituent Power: The Italian Struggle for The Commons. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies [online], 20(2), 965–1013. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.20.2.965 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/indjglolegstu.20.2.965
Blank, Y., and Rosen-Zvi, I., 2010. The spatial turn in legal theory. HAGAR Studies in Culture, Polity and Identities [online], 10(1), 37–60. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2937221 [Access 27 May 2021].
Blomley, N., 2016. The Boundaries of Property: Complexity, Relationality, and Spatiality. Law and Society Review [online], 50(1), 224–255. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12182 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12182
Bourdieu, P., 1987. The Force of Law: Toward a Sociology of the Juridical Field. Hastings Law Journal [online], 38(5), 814–853. Available from: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol38/iss5/3 [Access 27 May 2021].
Brown, W., and Halley, J., eds., 2002. Left Legalism/Left Critique. Durham: Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11hpn4c
Capone, N., 2016. Del diritto d’uso civico e collettivo dei beni destinati al godimento dei diritti fondamentali. Politica del diritto [online], 4(a. 48), 597–636. Available from: http://www.demaniocivico.it/attachments/article/1912/Capone%20N%20%20Del%20diritto%20duso%20civico%20e%20collettivo_politica%20del%20diritto_dicembre_2016.pdf [Access 27 May 2021].
Chatterjee, P., 2004. The Politics of the Governed: Popular Politics in Most of the World. New York: Columbia University Press.
Chatterton, P., 2010. Seeking the Urban Common: Furthering the Debate on Spatial Justice. City [online], 14(6): 625–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2010.525304 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2010.525304
Chiaramonte, X., 2019. Governare il conflitto: La criminalizzazione del movimento No Tav. Milan: Meltemi.
Collins, H., 1984. Marxism and Law. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780192851444.001.0001
Constitution of the Italian Republic, 1948 [online]. Rome: Parliamentary Information, Archives and Publications Office of the Senate Service for Official Reports and Communication. Available from: https://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf [Access 27 May 2021].
Cuff, D., 1998. Community Property: Enter the Architect or, The Politics of Form. In: M. Bell and S.T. Leong, eds., Slow Space. New York: Monacelli Press.
Cummings, S., and Eagly, I., 2000. A Critical Reflection on Law and Organizing. UCLA Law Review [online], 48, 443-517. Available from: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/473524bg [Access 27 May 2021].
Dardot, P., and Laval, C., 2014. Le Commun: Essai sur la révolution au XXIe siècle. Paris: La Découverte. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.dardo.2015.01
Della Porta, D., 2015. Social Movements in Times of Austerity: Bringing Capitalism Back Into Protest Analysis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Di Robilant, A., 2014. Property and Democratic Deliberation: The Numerus Clausus Principle and Democratic Experimentalism in Property Law. American Journal of Comparative Law [online], 62(2), 367–416. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5131/AJCL.2014.0004 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5131/AJCL.2014.0004
Federici, S., 2016. Feminism and the Politics of the Commons. In: M. Hlavajova and S. Sheikh, eds., Former West: Art and the Contemporary After 1989. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 379–390.
Foucault, M., 1984. Nietzsche, Genealogy, History. In: P. Rainbow, ed., The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Books, 76–100.
Foucault, M., 1995. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.
Foucault, M., 1998. The Will to Knowledge: The History of Sexuality (vol. 1). London: Penguin Books.
Foucault, M., 2009. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France 1977-1978. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Guastini, R., ed., 1980. Marxismo e teorie del diritto. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Hardt, M., and Negri, A. 2009. Commonwealth. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjsf48h
Hardt, M., and Negri, A., 2017. Assembly. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hohfeld, W.N., 1913. Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning. The Yale Law Journal [online], 23(1), 16–59. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/785533 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/785533
hooks, b., 1989. Choosing the margin as a space of radical openness. Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media [online], 36, 15–23. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/44111660 [Access 27 May 2021].
Kennedy, D., 1991. The Stakes of Law or Hale and Foucault! In: D. Kennedy, Sexy Dressing, etc. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 83–119.
Kennedy, D., 2016. A World of Struggle: How Power, Law, and Expertise Shape Global Political Economy. 1st ed. Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400880591
Liang, L., 2005. Porous Legalities and Avenues of Participation. Sarai Reader 2005: Bare Acts [online], 6–17. Available from: http://archive.sarai.net/files/original/8d57bfa1bcb57c80a7af903363c07282.pdf [Access 27 May 2021].
Llewellyn, K.N., 1940. The Normative, the Legal and the Law-Jobs. Yale Law Journal [online], 49(8), 1355–1400. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/792545 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/792545
Lukács, G., 1978. The Ontology of Social Being: Marx's Basic Ontological Principles. Trans.: D. Fernbach. London: Merlin.
Marella, M.R., 2017a. “Queer eye for the straight guy”. Sulle possibilità di un’analisi giuridica queer. Politica del diritto [online], 3(48), 383–414. Available from: http://www.euronomade.info/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/MarellaQueer.pdf [Access 27 May 2021].
Marella, M.R., 2017b. The Commons as a Legal Concept. Law and Critique [online], 28(1), 61–86. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-016-9193-0 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-016-9193-0
Marinelli, F., 2013. Gli usi civici. Milan: Giuffrè.
Marx, K., 1859. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress.
Mattei, U., 2011. Beni comuni: Un manifesto. Bari: Laterza.
Mattei, U., and Quarta, A., 2015. Right to the City or Urban Commoning? Thoughts on the Generative Transformation of Property Law. Italian Law Journal [online], 303(1), 303–325. Available from: https://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship/1287 [Access 27 May 2021].
Monterossi, M.W., 2020. L'orizzonte intergenerazionale del diritto civile: Tutela, soggettività, azione. Pisa: ETS.
Nash, R.F., 1989. The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
O’Donnell, E.L., and Talbot-Jones, J., 2018. Creating legal rights for rivers: Lessons from Australia, New Zealand, and India. Ecology and Society [online], 23(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09854-230107 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09854-230107
Orestano, R., 1960. Diritti soggettivi e diritti senza soggetto. Linee di una vicenda concettuale. Jus [online], 1, 149-196. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/31024428/Riccardo_Orestano_Diritti_soggettivi_e_diritti_senza_soggetto_Linee_di_una_vicenda_concettuale_1960 [Access 27 May 2021].
Ostrom, E., 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763
Parfitt, R., 2019. The Process of International Legal Reproduction: Inequality, Historiography, Resistance. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108655118
Pashukanis, E., 2002. Preface to the Second Russian Edition. In: E. Pashukanis, The General Theory of Law and Marxism. London: Transaction, pp. 37–45. (Originally published in 1924).
Pecile, V., 2019. Beni comuni e discorso della legalità. Il caso di Palermo. Sociologia del diritto [online], 3, 139–155. Available from: https://www.francoangeli.it/riviste/Scheda_rivista.aspx?IDArticolo=65366 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3280/SD2019-003007
Pecile, V., 2021. Gli urban poor ai tempi della turistificazione neoliberale delle città. In: L. Coccoli, ed., I poveri possono parlare? Soggetti, problemi, alleanze. Rome: Ediesse, 119–137.
Peñalver, E., and Katyal, S.K., 2010. Property Outlaws: How Squatters, Pirates, and Protesters Improve the Law of Ownership. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Rodotà Commission Bill, 2007. Relazione per la modifica delle norme del codice civile in materia di beni pubblici. Atti parlamentari [online], no. 2031. Available from: http://www.senato.it/service/PDF/PDFServer/DF/217244.pdf [Access 27 May 2021].
Rolnik, R., 2019. Urban Warfare. Housing under the Empire of Finance. Trans.: G. Hirschhorn. London: Verso Books.
Rose, C., 1998. The Several Futures of Property: Of Cyberspace and Folk Tales, Emission Trades and Ecosystems. Minnesota Law Review [online], 83, 129–182. Available from: https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/1804/ [Access 27 May 2021].
Schlag, P., 2015. How to do things with Hohfeld. Law and Contemporary Problems [online], 78(185), 185–234. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2465148 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2465148
Shiner, R.A., 1995. Legal Realism. In: R. Audi, ed., The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
Singer, J., 1988. The Reliance Interest in Property. Stanford Law Review [online], 40(3), 611–751. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/1228814 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1228814
Spanò, M., 2015. Le parole e le cose (del diritto). In: Y. Thomas, Il valore delle cose. Rome: Quodlibet.
Stone, C.D., 1972. Should trees have standing? Towards Legal Rights for Natural Objects. Southern California Law Review [online], 45, 450-501. Available from: https://iseethics.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/stone-christopher-d-should-trees-have-standing.pdf [Access 27 May 2021].
Thomas, Y., 1998. Le sujet de droit, la personne et la nature. Sur la critique contemporaine du sujet de droit. Le Débat [online], 3, 85-107. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3917/deba.100.0085 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/deba.100.0085
Umbach, G., and Wishnoff, D., 2008. Strategic Self-Orientalism: Urban Planning Policies and the Shaping of New York City’s Chinatown, 1950-2005. Journal of Planning History [online], 7(3), 214–238. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1538513207313915 [Access 27 May 2021]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1538513207313915
van der Walt, A., 2009. Property in the Margins. Oxford/Portland: Hart. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195391572.003.004
Vercellone, A., 2016. Urban Commons e modelli di governo. Il Community Land Trust. In: A. Quarta and M. Spanò, eds., Beni Comuni 2.0: Contro-egemonia e nuove istituzioni. Milan: Mimesis, 171–184.
Voigt, C., ed., 2013. Rule of Law for Nature: New Dimensions and Ideas in Environmental Law. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107337961
Xifaras, M., 2018. The Role of the Law in Critical Theory. The case of Property and the Commons (As a Commentary on the first chapter of Negri and Hardt’s Commonwealth). Critique and Praxis 13/13 [online], 2 December. Available from: http://blogs.law.columbia.edu/praxis1313/mikhail-xifaras-the-role-of-the-law-in-critical-theory-the-role-of-property-in-the-commons/ [Access 27 May 2021].
Žižek, S., 1989. The Sublime Object of Ideology. London: Verso.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Veronica Pecile
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
OSLS strictly respects intellectual property rights and it is our policy that the author retains copyright, and articles are made available under a Creative Commons licence. The Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution No-Derivatives licence is our default licence, further details available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 If this is not acceptable to you, please contact us.
The non-exclusive permission you grant to us includes the rights to disseminate the bibliographic details of the article, including the abstract supplied by you, and to authorise others, including bibliographic databases, indexing and contents alerting services, to copy and communicate these details.
For information on how to share and store your own article at each stage of production from submission to final publication, please read our Self-Archiving and Sharing policy.
The Copyright Notice showing the author and co-authors, and the Creative Commons license will be displayed on the article, and you must agree to this as part of the submission process. Please ensure that all co-authors are properly attributed and that they understand and accept these terms.