The Sustainable Development Goals, climate crisis and sustained injustices

Authors

  • Paola Villavicencio Calzadilla Universitat Rovira i Virgili

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1158

Keywords:

Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), climate crisis, climate justice

Abstract

In 2015, the UN adopted the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of universal goals in key areas of action linked to sustainable development. The SDGs address not only highly relevant socioeconomic issues, but also pressing environmental challenges associated with the Anthropocene, such as climate change. The integration of a specific climate goal – SDG 13 – into the SDGs is paramount as climate change is a global and urgent threat compromising the realisation of all the SDGs. However, the SDGs’ focus on issues linked to the current economic growth pattern and development paradigm may prevent them from addressing the climate crisis and the inequalities and injustices associated with it. This paper attempts to establish the extent to which the SDGs promote progress towards achieving climate justice or if, on the contrary, they maintain the status-quo and continue to fuel the climate crisis while leaving millions behind.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

        Metrics

Views 1396
Downloads:
PDF 1307


Author Biography

Paola Villavicencio Calzadilla, Universitat Rovira i Virgili

Martí Franquès Postdoctoral Researcher at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona (Spain).

References

Abate, R.S., ed., 2016. Climate Justice: Case Studies in Global and Regional Governance Challenges. Washington, DC: ELI Press.

Adelman, S., 2018. The Sustainable Development Goals, Anthropocentrism and Neoliberalism. In: D. French and L. Kotzé, eds., Sustainable Development Goals: Law, Theory and Implementation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 15–40.

Alfredsson, E., et al., 2018. Why achieving the Paris Agreement requires reduced overall consumption and production. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy [online], 14(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2018.1458815 [Accessed 20 June 2019].

Azfar Anwar, M., et al., 2019. Mapping the Evolution of Energy-Growth Nexus: Synergies and Trade-Offs. Journal of Economic Surveys [online], 33(3). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12306 [Accessed 11 March 2019].

Beg, N., et al., 2001. Linkages between climate change and sustainable development. Climate Policy [online], 2(2) 129–144. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-3062(02)00028-1 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Bengtsson, M., et al., 2018. Transforming systems of consumption and production for achieving the sustainable development goals: moving beyond efficiency. Sustainability Science [online], 13, 1533–1547. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0582-1 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Benjamin, L., and Thomas, A., 2016. 1.5 To Stay Alive? AOSIS and the Long-Term Temperature Goal in the Paris Agreement [online]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3392503 [Accessed 18 August 2020].

Berwyn, B., 2017. How do offshore wind farms affect ocean ecosystems? DW Akademie [online], 22 November. Available from: https://www.dw.com/en/how-do-offshore-wind-farms-affect-ocean-ecosystems/a-40969339 [Accessed 15 December 2019].

Biermann, F., et al., 2016. Down to Earth: Contextualizing the Anthropocene. Global Environmental Change [online], vol. 39, 341–350. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.11.004 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Bjermeland, M., no date. The story of 1.5 °C. Cicero [online]. Available from: https://cicero.oslo.no/en/understanding-one-point-five/the-story-of-15 [Accessed 15 August 2020].

Burkett, M., 2015. A Justice Paradox: Climate Change, Small Island Developing States, and the Absence of International Legal Remedy. In: S. Alam et al., eds, International Environmental Law and the Global South. Cambridge University Press, 435–450.

Carrington, D., Kommenda, N., and Gutiérrez, P., 2018. One football pitch of forest lost every second in 2017, data reveals. The Guardian [online], 27 June. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2018/jun/27/one-football-pitch-of-forest-lost-every-second-in-2017-data-reveals [Accessed 26 October 2020].

CBS News, 2019. Brazil’s Bolsonaro says he will accept aid to fight Amazon fires. CBS News [online], 27 August. Available from: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/amazon-wildfires-brazil-spurns-20-million-aid-offer-from-g-7-nations-today-2019-08-27/ [Accessed 15 December 2019].

Climate Transparency, 2018. Brown to Green. The G20 Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy [online]. Climate Transparency, c/o Humboldt-Viadrina Governance Platform. Available from: https://www.climate-transparency.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2018-BROWN-TO-GREEN-REPORT-FINAL.pdf [Accessed 25 January 2019].

Crespo Cuaresma, J., et al., 2017. Economic Development and Forest Cover: Evidence from Satellite Data. Scientific Reports [online], 7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40678 [Accessed 12 April 2019].

Crutzen, P.J., 2002. Geology of mankind. Nature [online], (415)23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/415023a [Accessed 12 April 2019].

Dernbach, J., and Cheever, F., 2015. Sustainable Development and Its Discontents. Transnational Environmental Law [online], 4(2), 247–287. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102515000163 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Duan, C., and Chen, B., 2018. Analysis of global energy consumption inequality by using Lorenz curve. Energy Procedia [online], 152, 750–755. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.240 [Accessed 27 October 2020].

Ferrero y de Loma-Osorio, D., 2016. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Bringing Climate Justice to Climate Action. Development [online], 59(3–4), 223–228. Available from https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-017-0122-9 [Accessed 15 March 2017].

Fletcher, R., and Rammelt, C., 2017. Decoupling: A Key Fantasy of the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda. Globalizations [online], 14(3), 450–467. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1263077 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Fuller, T., et al., 2018. Assessing the impact of China's timber industry on Congo Basin land use change. Area [online], 51(2). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12469 [Accessed 12 January 2020].

G20, 2018. G20 Leaders’ Declaration: Building Consensus for Fair and Sustainable Development. G20 [online], 1 December. Available from: http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2018/2018-leaders-declaration.html [Accessed 20 April 2019].

Gasper, D., Shah, A., and Tankha, S., 2019. The Framing of Sustainable Consumption and Production in SDG 12. Global Policy [online], 10(1), 83–95. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12592 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Geels, F., et al., 2015. A critical appraisal of Sustainable Consumption and Production research: The reformist, revolutionary and reconfiguration positions. Global Environmental Change [online], vol. 34, 1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.04.013 [Accessed 15 August 2020].

Ghebretekle, T.B., 2017. Interrogating the Economy-First Paradigm in “Sustainable Development”: Towards Integrating Development with the Ecosystem in Ethiopia. Mizan Law Review [online], 11(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v11i1.3 [Accessed 26 March 2019].

Gonzalez, C.G., 2019. Climate Justice and Climate Displacement: Evaluating the Emerging Legal and Policy Responses. Wisconsin International Law Journal [online], 36(2). Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3398442 [Accessed 30 August 2020].

Goodman, J., 2009. From global justice to climate justice? Justice ecologism in an era of global warming. New Political Science [online], 31(4), 499–514. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/07393140903322570 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Greening, L., Greene, D., and Difiglio, C., 2000. Energy efficiency and consumption – the rebound effect — a survey. Energy Policy [online], 28(6–7), 389–401. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00021-5 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Griscom, B., et al., 2017. Natural Climate Solutions. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [online], 44, 11645–11650. Available from: https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/114/44/11645.full.pdf [Accessed 12 June 2019].

Hale, B., 2016. The SDGs fail to offer the new economy we so desperately need. Eldis Blog [online], 22 March. Available from: https://www.eldis.org/blogpost/sdgs-fail-offer-new-economy-we-so-desperately-need [Accessed 28 March 2019].

Hickel, J., 2015a. Five reasons to think twice about the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. LSE blog [online], 23 September. Available from: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2015/09/23/five-reasons-to-think-twice-about-the-uns-sustainable-development-goals/ [Accessed 5 April 2019].

Hickel, J., 2015b. The problem with saving the world? Jacobin Magazine [online], 8 August. Available from: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2015/08/global-poverty-climate-change-sdgs/ [Accessed 5 April 2019].

Hickel, J., and Kallis, G., 2019. Is Green Growth Possible? New Political Economy [online], 25(4). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2019.1598964 [Accessed 25 June 2019].

High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF), 2018a. HLPF Background Note - Review of progress towards achieving SDG 15 [online]. Available from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/20069200087.8_Formatted_Background_NoteSDG_15.pdf [Accessed 17 June 2019].

High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF), 2018b. Review of SDGs implementation: SDG 12 – Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns [online]. Available from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/196532018backgroundnotesSDG12.pdf [Accessed 22 August 2020].

High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF), 2019. Summary by the President of the Economic and Social Council of the high-level political forum on sustainable development convened under the auspices of the Council at its 2019 session (E/HLPF/2019/8) [online]. UN Economic and Social Council, 9 August. Available from: https://undocs.org/en/E/HLPF/2019/8 [Accessed 12 January 2020].

Hirsch, T., Matthess, M., and Fünfgelt, J., 2017. Guiding Principles & Lessons Learnt for a Just Energy Transition in the Global South [online]. Available from: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/13955.pdf [Accessed 8 January 2020].

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., et al., 2019. The human imperative of stabilizing global climate change at 1.5 °C. Science [online], 365(6459). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw6974 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Höhne, N., et al., 2020. Emissions: world has four times the work or one-third of the time. Nature [online], vol. 579, 25–28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00571-x [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Hopwood, B., Mellor, M., and O’Brien, G., 2005. Sustainable development: mapping different approaches. Sustainable Development [online], 13(1), 38–52. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.244 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2014. Climate Change. Synthesis Report Summary for Policymakers [online]. Geneva: IPCC. Available from: https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf [Accessed 20 February 2018].

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2018. Summary for Policymakers. In: IPCC, Global Warming of 1.5°C [online]. Geneva: IPCC. Available from: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ [Accessed 18 February 2019].

International Council for Science (ICSU) and International Social Science Council (ISSC), 2015. Review of the Sustainable Development Goals: The Science Perspective [online]. Paris: ICSU. Available from: https://council.science/cms/2017/05/SDG-Report.pdf [Accessed 4 April 2019].

International Energy Agency (IEA), 2015. World Energy Outlook 2015. Executive Summary [online]. Paris: OECD/IEA. Available from: https://webstore.iea.org/download/summary/224?fileName=English-WEO-2015-ES.pdf [Accessed 14 March 2019].

International Energy Agency (IEA), 2017. World Energy Outlook 2017 [online]. Flagship report. Paris: IEA. Available from: https://www.iea.org/weo2017/ [Accessed 14 March 2019].

International Energy Agency (IEA), 2019. Global Energy & CO2 Status Report: The latest trends in energy and emissions in 2018 [online]. Paris: IEA. 26 March. Available from: https://webstore.iea.org/global-energy-co2-status-report-2018 [Accessed at 20 April 2019].

International Energy Agency (IEA), and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2019. Update on Recent Progress in Reform of Inefficient Fossil-Fuel Subsidies that Encourage Wasteful Consumption [online]. 2nd Energy Transitions Working Group Meeting. Toyama, 18–19 April. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/fossil-fuels/publication/OECD-IEA-G20-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-Reform-Update-2019.pdf [Accessed 23 August 2020].

International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and International Finance Corporation (IFC), 2017. Mapping the Oil and Gas Industry to the Sustainable Development Goals: An Atlas [online]. London/Washington, DC/New York: IPIECA/IFC/UNDP. Available from: https://www.commdev.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/MappingOilAndGasToSDGAtlas_Web_052118.pdf [Accessed 21 April 2019].

Jha, A., 2017. SDG 13: Take Urgent Action to Combat Climate Change and It’s Impact [online]. New Delhi: Parvi. Available from: https://pairvi.org/Publications/SDG%2013%20Booklet.pdf [Accessed 5 March 2019].

Kelman, I., 2015. Climate Change and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science [online], 6(2), 117–127. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-015-0046-5 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Kotzé, L.J., 2018. The Sustainable Development Goals: An Existential Critique Alongside Three New-millennial Analytical Paradigms. In: D. French and L. Kotzé, eds., Sustainable Development Goals: Law, Theory and Implementation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 41–65.

Kotzé, L.J., 2019. International Environmental Law’s Lack of Normative Ambition: An Opportunity for the Global Pact for the Environment? Journal for European Environmental and Planning Law [online], 16(3), 213–238. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01603002 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Kotzé, L.J., and French, D., 2018. The Anthropocentric Ontology of International Environmental Law and the Sustainable Development Goals: Towards an Ecocentric Rule of Law in the Anthropocene. Global Journal of Comparative Law, 7(1), 5–36.

Krauss, C., 2019. In the Amazon, Fires Steal Breath, but Smoke Smells of Money. The New York Times [online] 2 November. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/world/americas/brazil-amazon-fires-cowboys.html [Accessed 11 January 2019].

Lim, M.M.L., Søgaard Jørgensen, P., and Wyborn, C., 2018. Reframing the sustainable development goals to achieve sustainable development in the Anthropocene – a systems approach. Ecology and Society [online], 23(3), 22. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10182-230322 [Accessed 8 March 2019].

Markandya, A., and Halsnaes, K., eds., 2002. Climate Change and Sustainable Development: Prospects for Developing Countries. London: Earthscan.

Meikle, M., Wilson, J., and Jafry, T., 2016. Climate justice: between Mammon and Mother Earth. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management [online], 8(4). Available from: http://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-06-2015-0089 [Accessed 20 August 2020].

Mendes, K., 2019. “Guardian of the Forest” ambushed and murdered in Brazilian Amazon. Mongabay [online], 2 November. Available from: https://news.mongabay.com/2019/11/guardian-of-the-forest-ambushed-and-murdered-in-brazilian-amazon/ [Accessed 10 January 2020].

Mills Busa, J., 2012. Deforestation beyond borders: Addressing the disparity between production and consumption of global resources. Conservation Letters [online], 6(3), 192–199. Available from: https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2012.00304.x [Accessed 8 June 2019].

Muñoz Acebes, C., 2019. Brazil’s Amazon—and Its Defenders—Are Under Attack from Illegal Loggers. Foreign Policy [online], 14 November. Available from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/14/brazil-amazon-indigenous-defenders-deforestation-illegal-loggers/ [Accessed 20 August 2020].

Munro, K., 2014. The Right Climate for Development: Why the SDGs Must Act on Climate Change [online]. Report. Produced by CARE et al. September. Available from: https://insights.careinternational.org.uk/publications/the-right-climate-for-development-why-the-sdgs-must-act-on-climate-change [Accessed 20 January 2019].

Nerini, F.F., et al., 2019. Connecting climate action with other Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability [online], vol. 2, 674–680. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0334-y [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Ogden, K., Prasad, S., and Thompson, R., 2018. Philanthropy Bets Big on Sustainable Development Goals. Stanford Social Innovation Review [online], 18 September. Available from: https://ssir.org/articles/entry/philanthropy_bets_big_on_sustainable_development_goals [Accessed 10 January 2020].

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/International Energy Agency (OECD/IEA) and International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 2017. Perspectives for the energy transition – Investment Needs for a Low-Carbon Energy System [online]. OECD/IEA and IRENA. Available from: https://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/Perspectives_for_the_Energy_Transition_2017.pdf [Accessed 20 February 2019].

Oxfam, 2015. Extreme Carbon Inequality: Why the Paris climate deal must put the poorest, lowest emitting and most vulnerable people first [online]. Media briefing. Oxfam, 2 December. Available from: https://www-cdn.oxfam.org/s3fs-public/file_attachments/mb-extreme-carbon-inequality-021215-en.pdf [Accessed 12 August 2020].

Phillips, D., 2019. Amazon rainforest “close to irreversible tipping point”. The Guardian [online], 23 October. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/23/amazon-rainforest-close-to-irreversible-tipping-point [Accessed 10 January 2020].

Phillips, D., 2020. Brazil experiences worst start to Amazon fire season for 10 years. The Guardian [online], 13 August. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/aug/13/brazil-experiences-worst-start-to-amazon-fire-season-for-10-years [Accessed 15 August 2020].

Purvis, B., Mao, Y., and Robinson, D., 2019. Three pillars of sustainability: in search of conceptual origins. Sustainability Science [online], vol. 14, 681–695. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-018-0627-5 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Randers, J., et al., 2018. Transformation is feasible. How to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals within Planetary Boundaries [online]. A report to the Club of Rome from Stockholm Resilience Centre and BI Norwegian Business School. 18 October. Available from: https://www.stockholmresilience.org/download/18.51d83659166367a9a16353/1539675518425/Report_Achieving%20the%20Sustainable%20Development%20Goals_WEB.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2019].

Ritchie, H., 2019. Where in the world do people emit the most CO2? OurWorldInData [online]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/per-capita-co2 [Accessed 24 August 2020].

Ritchie, H., and Roser, M., 2015. Energy. OurWorldInData [online]. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/energy [Accessed 20 August 2020].

Roehrkasten, S., Thielges, S., and Quitzow, R., eds., 2016. Sustainable Energy in the G20: Prospects for a Global Energy Transition [online]. IASS Study. Potsdam: IASS. December. Available from: https://www.iass-potsdam.de/sites/default/files/files/iass_study_dec2016_en_sustainableenergyg20_0.pdf [Accessed 20 December 2019].

Rogelj, J., et al., 2015. Energy system transformations for limiting end-of-century warming to below 1.5 °C. Nature Climate Change [online], 5, 519–527. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2572 [Accessed 15 June 2019].

Rogerson, S., 2019. Forest 500: Annual Report 2018 – The Countdown to 2020 [online]. Oxford: Global Canopy. Available from: https://forest500.org/sites/default/files/forest500_annualreport2018_0_1.pdf [Accessed 8 March 2019].

Sachs, J., et al., 2018. SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018. Global Responsibilities. Implementing the Goals [online]. New York: Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). Available from: https://sdgindex.org/reports/sdg-index-and-dashboards-2018/ [Accessed 17 March 2019].

Saran, S., 2015. Paris climate talks: Developed countries must do more than reduce emissions. The Guardian [online], 23 November. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/23/paris-climate-talks-developed-countries-must-do-more-than-reduce-emissions [Accessed 4 March 2019].

Schröder, P., et al., 2019. SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production – Potential Benefits and Impacts on Forests and Livelihoods. In: P. Katila et al., eds., Sustainable Development Goals: Their Impacts on Forests and People. Cambridge University Press, 386–418.

SDG Knowledge Hub, 2018. G20 Declaration Focuses on Fair, Sustainable Development. SDG Knowledge Hub [online], 6 December. Available from: https://sdg.iisd.org/news/g20-declaration-focuses-on-fair-sustainable-development/ [Accessed 20 April 2019].

Smith, J., and Gladstein, A., 2018. How the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals undermine democracy. Quartz Africa [online], 7 June. Available from: https://qz.com/africa/1299149/how-the-uns-sustainable-development-goals-undermine-democracy/ [Accessed 15 March 2019].

Swart, R., Robinson, J., and Cohen, S., 2003. Climate change and sustainable development: expanding the options. Climate Policy [online], 3(1), S19–S40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clipol.2003.10.010 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Teixeira, M., 2018. Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has reached a 10-year high. World Economic Forum [online], 27 November. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/11/deforestation-in-the-brazilian-amazon-reaches-decade-high [Accessed 8 March 2019].

The International Council on Human Rights Policy, 2016. Beyond Technology Transfer: Protecting Human Rights in a Climate-Constrained World. In: J. Sarnoff, ed., Research Handbook on Intellectual Property and Climate Change. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 126–57.

Tollefson, J., 2018. IPCC says limiting global warming to 1.5 °C will require drastic action. Nature News [online], 8 October. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06876-2 [Accessed 27 February 2019].

Tukker, A., et al., 2008. Fostering change to sustainable consumption and production: an evidence based view. Journal of Cleaner Production [online], 16(11), 1218–1225. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.08.015 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

UN News, 2007. Climate change “defining issue of our era”, says Ban Ki-moon, hailing G8 action. UN News [online], 8 June. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2007/06/221622-climate-change-defining-issue-our-era-says-ban-ki-moon-hailing-g8-action [Accessed 20 February 2019].

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), 2019. Snapshot Report: SDGs in the UNECE Region [online]. Geneva: Regional Forum on Sustainable Development for the UNECE Region, 21–22 March. Available from: https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/RCM_Website/RFSD_2019_SDG_Snapshot_Report.pdf [Accessed 24 June 2019].

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2016. The Emissions Gap Report 2016. Synthesis Report [online]. Nairobi: UNEP. November. Available from: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/10016/emission_gap_report_2016.pdf [Accessed 12 December 2018].

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2019. Emissions Gap Report 2019 [online]. Executive Summary. Nairobi: UNEP, 26 November. Available from: https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2019 [Accessed 25 July 2020].

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 2015. Paris Agreement (U.N. Doc. FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1) [online], 29 January 2016. Available from: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement [Accessed 29 October 2020].

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), no date. Summary of the SED. UNFCCC [online]. Available from: https://unfccc.int/topics/science/events--meetings/calendar/summary-of-the-sed [Accessed 20 August 2020].

United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 2012. The Future We Want (A/RES/66/288) [online]. New York: United Nations General Assembly. 11 September. Available from: https://undocs.org/A/RES/66/288 [Accessed 15 February 2019].

United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 2015. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1) [online]. New York: United Nations General Assembly. 21 October. Available from: https://undocs.org/A/RES/70/1 [Accessed 15 February 2019].

Vidal, J., 2017. We Are Destroying Rainforests So Quickly They May Be Gone in 100 Years. The Guardian [online], 23 January. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/jan/23/destroying-rainforests-quickly-gone-100-years-deforestation [Accessed 5 April 2019].

Villavicencio Calzadilla, P., and Mauger, R., 2017. The UN’s new sustainable development agenda and renewable energy: The challenge to reach SDG7 while achieving energy justice. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law [online], 36(2), 233–254. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/02646811.2017.1377951 [Accessed 20 June 2019].

Ward, J., et al., 2016. Is decoupling GDP growth from environmental impact possible? PLoS ONE [online], 11(10), 1–14. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164733 [Accessed 8 March 2019].

Ward, J., et al., 2017. The decoupling delusion: rethinking growth and sustainability. The Conversation [online], 12 March. Available from: https://theconversation.com/the-decoupling-delusion-rethinking-growth-and-sustainability-71996 [Accessed 2 March 2019].

Washington, H., 2015. Demystifying Sustainability: Towards Real Solutions. New York: Routledge.

Weber, H., 2017. Politics of “Leaving No One Behind”: Contesting the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Agenda. Globalizations [online], 14(3), 399–414. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2016.1275404 [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Weisse, M., and Goldman, E.D., 2019. The World Lost a Belgium-sized Area of Primary Rainforests Last Year. World Resources Institute Blog [online], 15 April. Available from: https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/04/world-lost-belgium-sized-area-primary-rainforests-last-year [Accessed 20 December 2019].

Williams, C., and Millington, A., 2004. The Diverse and Contested Meanings of Sustainable Development. Geographical Journal [online], 170(2), 99–104. Available from: https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0016-7398.2004.00111.x [Accessed 21 October 2020].

Zeng, I., et al., 2020. Environmental destruction not avoided with the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability [online], 3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0555-0 [Accessed 2 August 2020].

Downloads

Published

27-05-2024

How to Cite

Villavicencio Calzadilla, P. (2024) “The Sustainable Development Goals, climate crisis and sustained injustices”, Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 11(1), pp. 285–314. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1158.