A Sociological Perspective on Emotion Work and Judging

Authors

  • Sharyn Roach Anleu Flinders University
  • Kathy Mack Flinders University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1032

Keywords:

Emotions, emotion work, courts, judges, judging

Abstract

Judicial work requires judicial officers to manage their own emotions and related conduct, as well as to anticipate, interpret, respond to and manage emotions and behaviours of others, most visibly in the interaction order of the courtroom. A detailed, sociological analysis of judicial interview data reveals the ways judicial officers themselves understand, manage and use emotion in their everyday work. Judicial emotion work is more than a purely individual or personal enterprise. It operates in accordance with explicit and implicit feeling and display rules, cultural scripts and legal norms that shape the relation between emotion and judging. The ways judicial officers articulate their understanding of emotion in their everyday work reveals their reproduction and potential transformation of the boundaries between emotion and their status as judge. These findings reposition emotion work as central to judicial performance and enable emotion itself to be recognised as a positive judicial resource.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

        Metrics

Views 601
Downloads:
PDF 749


Author Biographies

Sharyn Roach Anleu, Flinders University

Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor 

College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences  

Kathy Mack, Flinders University

Emerita Professor

College of Business, Government and Law  

References

Abbott, A., 1988. The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. University of Chicago Press.

American Bar Association, 2011. ABA Model Code of Judicial Conduct [online]. Available from: http://www.americanbar.org/groups/professional_responsibility/publications/model_code_of_judicial_conduct.html [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Bandes, S.A., 2009. Empathetic judging and the rule of law. Cardozo Law Review De Novo [online], 133-148. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1431230 [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Bandes, S.A., and Blumenthal, J.A., 2012. Emotion and the law. Annual Review of Law and Social Science [online], 8, 161-181. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173825 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Bandes, S.A., ed., 2001. The Passions of Law. New York / London: New York University Press.

Barbalet, J., 2011. Emotions beyond regulation: Backgrounded emotions in science and trust. Emotion Review [online], 3(1), 36-43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910380968 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Barrett, L.F., 2006a. Are emotions natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science [online], 1(1), 28-58. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00003.x [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Barrett, L.F., 2006b. Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review [online], 10(1), 20-46. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_2 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Becker, W., et al., 2017. Crying is in the eyes of the beholder: an attribution theory framework of crying at work. Emotion Review [online], 10(1), 125-137. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917706766 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Bolton, S.C., and Boyd, C., 2003. Trolley dolly or skilled emotion manager? Moving on from Hochschild’s Managed Heart. Work, Employment & Society [online], 17(2), 289-308. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017003017002004 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Burkitt, I., 2012. Emotional reflexivity: feeling, emotion and imagination in reflexive dialogues. Sociology [online], 48(3), 458-472. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038511422587 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Burkitt, I., 2014. Emotions and Social Relations. London: Sage.

Burkitt, I., 2018. Decentring emotion regulation: From emotion regulation to relational emotion. Emotion Review [online], 10(2), 167-173. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073917712441 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Clay-Warner, J., and Robinson, D.T., 2015. Infrared thermography as a measure of emotion response. Emotion Review [online], 7(2), 157-162. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914554783 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Cottingham, M.D., 2016. Theorizing emotional capital. Theory and Society [online], 45(5), 451-470. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-016-9278-7 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Craciun, M., 2018. Emotions and knowledge in expert work: A comparison of two psychotherapies. American Journal of Sociology [online], 123(4), 959-1003. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1086/695682 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Davies, M., 2017. Asking the Law Question. 4th ed. Sydney: Lawbook.

Dixon, T., 2012. The tears of Mr Justice Willes. Journal of Victorian Culture [online], 17(1), 1-23. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/13555502.2011.611696 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Douglas, M., 1970. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Penguin.

Ekman, P., and Cordaro, D., 2011. What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion Review [online], 3(4), 364-370. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410740 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Flam, H., and Kleres, J., 2015. Methods of Exploring Emotions. Abingdon / New York: Routledge.

Flower, L., 2018. Doing loyalty: Defense lawyers’ subtle dramas in the courtroom. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography [online], 47(2), 226-254. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241616646826 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Gendron, M., and Barrett, L.F., 2019. A Role for Emotional Granularity in Judging. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 9(5-this issue). Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1087 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Geyh, C.G., 2013. The dimensions of judicial impartiality. Florida Law Review [online], 65(2), 493-551. Available from: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1138&context=flr [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Godbold, N., 2015. Researching emotions in interactions: Seeing and Analysing Live Processes. Emotion Review [online], 7(2), 163-168. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914554779 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Goffman, E., 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday Anchor.

Goffman, E., 1981. Forms of Talk. University of Philadelphia Press.

Goffman, E., 1983. The interaction order. American Sociological Review [online], 48(1), 1-17. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095141 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Goodrum, S., 2013. Bridging the gap between prosecutors’ cases and victims’ biographies in the criminal justice system through shared emotions. Law & Social Inquiry [online], 38(2), 257-287. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12020 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Gorman, E., and Sandefur, R.L., 2011. “Golden Age”, quiescence, and revival: How the sociology of professions became the study of knowledge-based work. Work and Occupations [online], 38(3), 275-302. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888411417565 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Gross, J.J., 2015. Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry [online], 26(1), 1-26. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Harris, L.C., 2002. The emotional labour of barristers: An exploration of emotional labour by status professionals. Journal of Management Studies [online], 39(4), 553-584. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00303 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Hochschild, A.R., 1979. Emotion work, feeling rules and social structure. American Journal of Sociology [online], 85(3), 551-575. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1086/227049 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Hochschild, A.R., 1983. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Holmes, M., 2010. The emotionalization of reflexivity. Sociology [online], 44(1), 139-154. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038509351616 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Holmes, M., 2015. Researching emotional reflexivity. Emotion Review [online], 9(1), 61-66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914544478 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Judicial Group on Strengthening Judicial Integrity, 2002. The Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct [online]. The Hague, November 25-26. Available from: https://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/corruption/judicial_group/Bangalore_principles.pdf [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Kadowaki, J., 2015. Maintaining professionalism: Emotional labor among lawyers as client advisors. International Journal of the Legal Profession [online], 22(3), 323-345. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/09695958.2015.1071257 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Karstedt, S., 2016. The emotion dynamics of transitional justice: An emotion sharing perspective. Emotion Review [online], 8(1), 50-55. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915601214 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Lamont, M., and Molnár, V., 2002. The study of boundaries in the social sciences. Annual Review of Sociology [online], 28, 167-195. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141107 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Lamont, M., and Swidler, A., 2014. Methodological pluralism and the possibilities and limits of interviewing. Qualitative Sociology [online], 37(3), 153-171. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-014-9274-z [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Leys, R., 2011. The turn to affect: A critique. Critical Inquiry [online], 37(3), 343-472. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1086/659353 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Lief, H.I., and Fox, R.C., 1963. Training for “detached concern” in medical students. In: H.I. Lief and N.R. Lief, eds., The Psychological Basis of Medical Practice. New York: Harper & Row, 12-35.

Lively, K.J., 2000. Reciprocal emotion management: Working together to maintain stratification in private law firms. Work and Occupations [online], 27(1), 32-63. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888400027001003 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Lively, K.J., 2002. Client contact and emotional labor: Upsetting the balance and evening the field. Work and Occupations [online], 29(2), 198-225. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888402029002004 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Lively, K.J., 2008. Status and emotional expression: The influence of “others” in hierarchical work settings. In: J. Clay-Warner and D.T. Robinson, eds., Social Structure and Emotion. New York: Elsevier / Academic Press, 287-305.

Lively, K.J., and Heise, D.R., 2014. Emotions in affect control theory. In: J.E. Stets and J.H. Turner, eds., Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions (vol. II). Dordrecht: Springer, 51-71.

Lively, K.J., and Weed, E.A., 2014. Emotion management: Sociological insight into what, how, why, and to what end? Emotion Review [online], 6(3), 202-207. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914522864 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Maroney, T.A., 2011a. Emotional regulation and judicial behavior. California Law Review [online], 99(6), 1485-1555. Available from: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1785616 [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Maroney, T.A., 2011b. The persistent cultural script of judicial dispassion. California Law Review [online], 99(2), 629-82. Available from: https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38K98M [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Maroney, T.A., 2012. Angry judges. Vanderbilt Law Review [online], 65(5), 1207-1284. Available from: https://www.vanderbiltlawreview.org/2012/10/angry-judges/ [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Maroney, T.A., and Gross, J.J., 2014. The ideal of the dispassionate judge: An emotion regulation perspective. Emotion Review [online], 6(2), 142-151. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073913491989 [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Moran, L.J., and Skeggs, B., 2004. Sexuality and the Politics of Violence and Safety. London / New York: Routledge.

Morris, S., 2015. Becky Watts murder trial judge cries as he passes sentence. The Guardian [online], 13 November. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/nov/13/becky-watts-trial-judge-cries-nathan-matthews-shauna-hoare [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Mulcahy, L., 2010. Legal Architecture: Justice, Due Process and the Place of Law. New York: Routledge.

Olson, R., et al., 2015. Introduction: Methodological Innovations in the Sociology of Emotions Part Two – Methods. Emotion Review [online], 7(2), 143-144. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914555276 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Parsons, T., 1951. The Social System. New York: Free Press.

Parsons, T., 1954. Essays in Sociological Theory. New York: Free Press.

Patulny, R., 2015. Exposing the “Wellbeing gap” between American Men and Women: Revelations from the sociology of emotion surveys. Emotion Review [online], 7(2), 169-174. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914554785 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Presser, L., 2004. Violent offenders, moral selves: Constructing identities and accounts in the research interview. Social Problems [online], 51(1), 82-101. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2004.51.1.82 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Reddy, W.M., 2009. Historical research on the self and emotions. Emotion Review [online], 1(4), 302-315. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2004.51.1.82 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Resnik, J., and Curtis, D.E., 2011. Representing Justice: Invention, Controversy, and Rights in City-States and Democratic Courtrooms. New Haven, CT / London: Yale University Press.

Ridgeway, C.L., 2006. Linking social structure and interpersonal behavior: A theoretical perspective on cultural schemas and social relations. Social Psychology Quarterly [online], 69(1), 5-16. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250606900102 [14 February 2019].

Rimé, B., 2009. Emotion elicits the social sharing of emotion: Theory and empirical review. Emotion Review [online], 1(1), 60-85. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073908097189 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Roach Anleu, S., and Mack, K., 2017. Performing Judicial Authority in the Lower Courts. London: Palgrave.

Roach Anleu, S., and Mack, K., 2019. Impartiality and emotion in everyday judicial practice. In: R. Patulny et al., eds., Emotions in Late Modernity. London: Routledge.

Roach Anleu, S., et al., 2015. Researching emotion in courts and the judiciary: A tale of two projects. Emotion Review [online], 7(2), 145-150. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914554776 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Rock, P., 1998. Rules, boundaries and the courts: Some problems in the neo-durkheimian sociology of deviance. British Journal of Sociology [online], 49(4), 586-601. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2307/591290 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Rossner, M., and Meher, M., 2014. Emotions in ritual theories. In: J.E. Stets and J.H. Turner, eds., Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions (vol. II). Dordrecht: Springer, 199-220.

Scheer, M., 2012. Are emotions a kind of practice (and is that what makes them have a history)? A Bourdieuan approach to understanding emotion. History and Theory [online], 51(2), 193-220. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2012.00621.x [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Schultz, U., and Shaw, G., eds., 2013. Gender and Judging. Oxford: Hart.

Schuster, M.L., and Propen, A., 2010. Degrees of emotion: Judicial responses to victim impact statements. Law, Culture and the Humanities [online], 6(1), 75-104. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1743872109349104 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Sewell, W.H., 1992. A theory of structure: Duality, agency and transformation. American Journal of Sociology [online], 98(1), 1-29. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1086/229967 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Silverman, D., 2013. Doing Qualitative Research. 4th ed. London: Sage.

Smart, A., 2018. It’s OK to cry in the courtroom even if you’re a judge, law professors say. The Canadian Press/CBC [online], 2 August. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/it-s-ok-to-cry-in-the-courtroom-even-if-you-re-a-judge-law-professors-say-1.4769694 [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Stets, J.E., 2015. Comment on “Methodological Innovations from the Sociology of Emotions – Theoretical Advances”. Emotion Review [online], 7(1), 79-80. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914544479 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

The Council of Chief Justices of Australia and New Zealand, 2017. Guide to Judicial Conduct [online]. 3rd ed. November. Melbourne: Australasian Institute of Judicial Administration. Available from: https://aija.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/GUIDE-TO-JUDICIAL-CONDUCT-3rd-Edition.pdf [Accessed 5 September 2018].

Tyler, T.R., 2000. Social justice: Outcome and procedure. International Journal of Psychology [online], 35(2), 117-125. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/002075900399411 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Tyler, T.R., 2003. Procedural justice, legitimacy and the effective rule of law. Crime and Justice [online], 30, 283-357. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1086/652233 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Weber, M., 1978. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Wetherell, M., 2015. Trends in the turn to affect: A social psychological critique. Body & Society [online], 21(2), 139-166. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X14539020 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Wettergren, Å., and Bergman Blix, S., 2016. Empathy and objectivity in the legal procedure: The case of Swedish prosecutors. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention [online], 17(1), 19-35. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2015.1136501 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Wharton, A.S., 1993. The affective consequences of service work: Managing emotions on the job. Work and Occupations [online], 20(2), 205-232. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888493020002004 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Wharton, A.S., 1999. The psychosocial consequences of emotional labor. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science [online], 561, 158-176. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/000271629956100111 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Wharton, A.S., 2009. The sociology of emotional labor. Annual Review of Sociology [online], 35(1), 147-165. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115944 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

White, E.K., 2014. Till human voices wake us: The role of emotion in the adjudication of dignity claims. Journal of Law, Religion and State [online], 3(3), 201-239. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1163/22124810-00303001 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Wilson, T.P., et al., 1984. Models of turn taking in conversational interaction. Journal of Language and Social Psychology [online], 3(3), 159-183. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X8400300301 [Accessed 6 February 2019].

Downloads

Published

28-09-2018

How to Cite

Roach Anleu, S. and Mack, K. (2018) “A Sociological Perspective on Emotion Work and Judging”, Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 9(5), pp. 831–851. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1032.

Issue

Section

Research Methods, Empirical Insights and [Changing] Judicial Practice