Forms of subjectification: Rights and freedom as neoliberal politics in healthcare system. The Italian law on Living Will
Keywords:
Subjectification, Right to Health, DAT, Living Will, Italy, Subjetivización, derecho a la salud, DAT (Disposizioni Avanzate di Trattamento), testamento vital, ItaliaAbstract
Health represents a context where it is possible to observe the relationship between individuals and society, namely which spaces of autonomy are left for the individuals and which social forces are exercised on them. If Critical Theory points out the mechanisms of a neoliberal matrix that makes individuals “subjugate subjects”, Social System Theory allows to investigate how they are “included” in various spheres of society. Integrating these theories, we investigate mechanisms of subjectification on health. Moreover, through the analysis of the recent Italian law on advance directives and living will, we question if the claims of self-determination expressed by individuals could represent a form of “resistance” against neoliberal policies. Through a theoretical reflection and an analysis of the background and the juridical consequences of the law n. 219/2017, we conclude that the individual autonomy could be exercised together with responsibility towards others, balancing individual needs and claims with social solidarity.La salud representa un contexto en el cual se puede observar la relación entre los individuos y la sociedad. Si la Teoría Crítica apunta a los mecanismos de una matriz neoliberal que convierte a los individuos en “sujetos subyugados”, la Teoría de Sistemas Sociales permite investigar cómo éstos son “incluidos” en diversas esferas de la sociedad. Al integrar esas teorías, investigamos los mecanismos de subjetivización en el área de la salud. Además, a través del análisis de una ley italiana reciente, nos preguntamos si las proclamas de autodeterminación expresadas por los individuos podrían representar una forma de “resistencia” contra las políticas neoliberales. A través de la reflexión teórica y el análisis del contexto y de las consecuencias jurídicas de la Ley 219/2017, concluimos que la autonomía personal se podría ejercitar junto con la responsabilidad hacia el prójimo, equilibrando las necesidades y las reivindicaciones personales con la solidaridad social.
Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1049
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