Autonomía y atención de los ancianos en situación de dependencia en España: Una cita entre generaciones
Keywords:
Vejez, Ancianidad, Ley de Dependencia Española, Derecho de la Ancianidad, Old age, Dependence Spanish Law, Elder LawAbstract
La realidad pone de manifiesto que la vida humana es múltiple, diversa y, en verdad, muy compleja. En su haber encontramos, niños y viejos; varones y mujeres; ricos, pobres; sanos y enfermos; razas distintas. Como nunca antes había sucedido existen, incluso, familias enteras envejecidas y multigeneracionales. Pero también, conviven personas de edad con capacidades diferentes, discapacitadas, o en situación de dependencia. Este último grupo en particular, requiere de condiciones fácticas y normativas especiales, para garantizar su desarrollo en términos de justicia. Condiciones que, si bien son reconocidas por los actores sociales (Estado, particulares, sociedad); suelen quedar arrinconadas detrás de un discurso utópico: hermoso…, pero impracticable. Es precisamente este mismo escenario ambivalente el que da origen a toda una serie de prácticas negativas discriminatorias contra la vejez, que impactan sobre todo, sus esferas de autonomía, libertad e igualdad y en el ejercicio de sus derechos fundamentales. Por ello, no sin razón se ha dicho ya que, en el Derecho actual, los ancianos terminan convirtiéndose en los nuevos sujetos débiles del sistema.
En este trabajo se intentará mostrar desde muna perspectiva iusfilosófica, el alcance jurídico del modelo de acción español referido a la autonomía y atención de las personas de edad en situación de dependencia, plasmado por la Ley Ley 39/2006, de 14 de diciembre. Se observarán las razones iusfilosóficas que le dieron origen y su relación con los derechos fundamentales, el Estado Constitucional de Derecho y el Derecho Europeo. Por último, se estudiarán las posibilidades de recepción de este modelo por parte del Derecho de la Ancianidad argentino y su contribución a la elaboración de una convención Internacional sobre los derechos de las personas de edad, actualmente en discusión.
Reality shows that human life is multiple, diverse, and, indeed, very complex. We can find, young and old; men and women; rich and poor; healthy and sick; different races. As never before there are even whole families, multigenerational and aged. But also, older people living with disabilities, disabled, or in a situation of dependency. The latter group in particular, requires special factual conditions and regulations to ensure its development in terms of justice. Conditions which, although they are recognized by the social actors (government, individuals, society) often get behind a utopian discourse: beautiful ..., but impractical. It is precisely this ambivalent scenario that gives rise to a range of negative and discriminatory practices against age, impacting on all areas of its autonomy, freedom and equality and the exercise of their fundamental rights. Therefore, not without reason stated above, in the current law, the elderly end up becoming the new weak people of this system.
In this paper, it will presented from a legal philosopher, the legal scope of the Spanish model referred to autonomy and care of older people in situations of dependency, reflected by the Law 39/2006 of December 14th concerning the Promotion of Personal Autonomy and Care for Dependent People. The reasons that gave rise to legal philosopher and their relationship with fundamental rights, the State Constitutional Law and European Law will be observed. Finally, the possibilities of reception of this model by the Argentine Elder Law and its contribution to the development of an international convention on the rights of older people will be discussed.
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