Downsizing Prisons in an Age of Austerity? Justice Reinvestment and Women’s Imprisonment
Keywords:
Justice reinvestment, women, imprisonment, evidence based policy, what works, risk, Reinversión en justicia, mujeres, encarcelamiento, política basada en pruebas, qué funciona, riesgoAbstract
Justice Reinvestment is being actively promoted as one means of reducing high levels of incarceration through diverting expenditures from prisons to fund services intended to provide support and supervision for offenders within the community and to prevent crime. At a time of financial stringency, the huge expenditure necessitated by high incarceration rates is being re-examined. There is growing recognition that high levels of incarceration are ineffective in reducing recidivism and may be criminogenic and damaging in other ways for individuals and communities. Based on claims that Justice Reinvestment schemes in the US have produced promising results, some activists and politicians in Australia have urged the adoption of Justice Reinvestment. This advocacy has emphasised the need to find mechanisms to reduce the very high levels of incarceration of Indigenous people. Women’s imprisonment rates have increased substantially in recent years and to a greater extent than rates for men. This pattern has been observed in several jurisdictions and is even more pronounced for Indigenous women. This paper critically examines features of Justice Reinvestment, such as its endorsement of ‘evidence based policy’ and risk assessment tools, to question whether these features are likely to promote the interests of women.
Se está promoviendo activamente la reinversión en justicia como un medio para reducir las altas tasas de encarcelamiento, dedicando gastos destinados a prisiones para financiar servicios dentro de la comunidad que presten apoyo y supervisión a los delincuentes y que prevengan el delito. En un momento de restricciones financieras, se está revisando el enorme gasto que generan las altas tasas de encarcelamiento. Existe un creciente reconocimiento de que una alta tasa de encarcelamiento no es eficaz para reducir la reincidencia y, de diversas maneras, puede aumentar la criminalidad y ser perjudicial para individuos y comunidades. Basándonos en que en EE UU los proyectos de reinversión en justicia han dado resultados prometedores, algunos activistas y políticos han instado a la adopción de la reinversión en justicia en Australia. Este apoyo ha hecho hincapié en la necesidad de encontrar mecanismos para reducir las tasas muy altas de encarcelamiento de indígenas. Las tasas de encarcelamiento de mujeres han aumentado sustancialmente en los últimos años y en un grado mayor que las tasas de hombres. Este patrón se ha observado en diferentes jurisdicciones y es aún más acusado en el caso de mujeres indígenas. Este artículo analiza de forma crítica las características de la reinversión en justicia, como su apoyo a una “política basada en pruebas” y las herramientas de valoración de riesgo, para plantearse si estas características pueden promover los intereses de las mujeres.
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