El uso de la información judicial (The use of judicial information)
Keywords:
Court reform, judicial statistics, empirical research on courts, internet transparency, court websites, access to judicial information, users of public information on courts, use of social science information, rationalization of political processes, democAbstract
Los datos empíricos de juzgados y sistemas judiciales se analizan con mucha frecuencia tanto en estudios comparativos, como en estudios económicos y sociológicos, sin embargo, los agentes implicados en proyectos de reformas judiciales como jueces, profesores de derecho, funcionarios o políticos no hacen un uso adecuado de los mismos. Este artículo sugiere que esto tiene un origen estructural, que asigna roles sociales diferentes a estos actores. Una solución puede ser la creación de centros de investigación especializados. Una aproximación más amplia, plural y democrática es buscar la transparencia en internet, dando acceso al público general a todo tipo de documentos, incluyendo estadísticas judiciales y estudios empíricos. Se han visitado y categorizado en función de su contenido gran número de páginas web de juzgados, para conocer el nivel de transparencia judicial. Las primeras posiciones en cuanto al nivel de transparencia lo han obtenido algunas páginas anglosajonas, que ofrecían información legal, económica, organizacional y empírica, y que además ofrecían ayuda para utilizar estos datos. Sin embargo, este esfuerzo no alcanza su objetivo si la información no se utiliza. Si se quiere medir el uso real de los contenidos de las páginas judiciales no es suficiente con contar su número de visitas, sino que es necesario conocer más sobre las motivaciones que generan esas visitas. Afortunadamente, se ha encontrado un sitio web (mexicano) que ofrece información sobre los visitantes: sus preocupaciones, su “historia” e incluso sus nombres y (en ocasiones) su lugar de residencia. Estas peticiones se han evaluado cuidadosamente, y se analizan en este artículo. Se ha descubierto que hay una gran demanda de información empírica sobre los juzgados y las prácticas judiciales. La transparencia en internet parece ser una solución, aunque todavía se deben explorar las mejores formas de ofrecer la información judicial.
Although empirical data on courts and judicial systems are frequently discussed in comparative as well as in economic and sociological studies it turns out that the actors of court reform projects such as judges, law professors, civil servants or politicians don’t make adequate use of them. The paper posits that the reasons are of a structural nature which assigns different social roles to those actors. One solution may be the creation of specialized research institutions. A much wider, more pluralistic and more democratic approach is internet transparency which gives access to all kinds of documents including court statistics and empiricial studies to the general public. In order to get an impression of the practice of court transparency a large number of court websites were visited and ranged according to their content. The top positions reached only some anglosaxon and us-american websites which offer legal, economic, organizational as well as empirical information and even offer assistance for using the data. Those efforts may still not reach their purpose if the information isn’t recalled. In order to measure the actual use of the contents of court websites it is insufficient to count the visits. One needs to know more about the concerns leading to those visits. Fortunately, we have found one (Mexican) website which offers information about the visitors: their concerns, their “story” and even their names and (sometimes) place of residence. These petititions have been carefully evaluated and are discussed in the article. It turns out that empirical information about courts and judicial practices is in high demand. Internet transparency seems to be successful although the best forms of offering information still have to be found.
Download this paper from SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1837314
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