Bryant Park as a Site of Production: Revenue and Social Control

Authors

  • Emily Kaufman International Institute for the Sociology of Law

Keywords:

Urban planning, public space, privatization, parks, governance, production, marxism, social control, criminology, public-private partnerships, Planificación urbanística, espacio public, privatización, parques, gobernanza, producción, marxismo, control soc

Abstract

Bryant Park is New York City's only 100% privately funded and managed 'public' park, making it an oft looked-to model of public-private partnerships. This paper examines the everyday workings of the park using ethnographic and archival data, and criminological and urban theory. These details help us understand how Bryant produces a theme-park-like social order in its built environment, landscaping, management, and programming of the park. I suggest that social control functions through five governing principles: visibility, classification, predictability, vulnerability, and empowerment. Everything is neatly classified, from people to activities to trash. Vulnerable design elements like flowers are chosen to suggest the park is cared for. Park-goers are meant to feel not controlled, but in-control; safe, comfortable, and empowered.

This elaborate manipulation of semiotics and space serves to produce surplus value for multiple corporate interests involved in and around the park. I argue that the park operates as a site of production of revenue for these corporate interests. I explain how the park is created and marketed as a product itself, which park-goers have an unwitting share in producing. Thus New York’s elite-business community benefits from this nominally public park.

Bryant Park es el único parque “público” de la ciudad de Nueva York de financiación y gestión 100% privada, lo que lo convierte a menudo en un ejemplo de partenariados público-privados. Este artículo analiza el funcionamiento cotidiano del parque, utilizando datos etnográficos y de archivo, así como teoría criminológica y urbana. Estos detalles nos ayudan a comprender cómo Bryant produce un orden social dentro del parque en el entorno creado, paisajismo, gestión y programación del parque. Se sugiere que el control social funciona a través de cinco principios de gobierno: visibilidad, clasificación, predicción, vulnerabilidad y empoderamiento. Todo está cuidadosamente clasificado, tanto las personas como las actividades o los cubos de basura. Se eligen elementos de diseño vulnerables, como flores, para sugerir que se cuida el parque. Se pretende que los visitantes del parque no se sientan controlados, pero bajo control; seguros, cómodos y con poder.

Esta elaborada manipulación de semiótica y espacio sirve para producir un valor añadido para numerosos intereses corporativos que están involucrados en el parque. Se defiende que el parque funciona como un lugar de producción de ingresos para esos intereses empresariales. Se explica de qué forma se crea y comercializa el parque como un producto en sí mismo, en el que los visitantes del parque participan de forma involuntaria. De esta forma, la comunidad de negocios de élite de Nueva York se beneficia de este parque “público”, únicamente en su nombre.

DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2655507

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Author Biography

Emily Kaufman, International Institute for the Sociology of Law

Emily Kaufman recently completed her Masters at the International Institute for the Sociology of Law. She holds a Masters in Human Geography from the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at Syracuse University, and a Bachelors in both Geography and Women's and Gender Studies from the Honors College at the University of Oregon. Her research explores the securitization of poverty, neoliberalization, public space, and urban planning. She has published research on gender, population control, and welfare reform, and is currently pursuing a PhD in Human Geography.

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Published

02-12-2015

How to Cite

Kaufman, E. (2015) “Bryant Park as a Site of Production: Revenue and Social Control”, Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 5(5), pp. 1236–1260. Available at: https://opo.iisj.net/index.php/osls/article/view/348 (Accessed: 23 December 2024).