The Value of International-National Interactions and Norm Interpretations in Catalysing National Prosecutions of Sexual Violence
Keywords:
Gender, sexual violence, International Criminal Court, complementarity, international crimes, post-conflict, Género, violencia sexual, Corte Penal Internacional, complementariedad, delitos internacionales, post-conflictoAbstract
This article examines the unexplored potential for the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) direct engagement with States to influence national prosecutorial priorities for international crimes, and how this may be leveraged to improve criminal prosecutions for crimes of sexual violence in particular. The article focuses on the intersection of two phenomenona: first, how international norms can influence national behaviour; and second, how systemic failures to prosecute crimes of sexual violence can be challenged. The article centres on engagement between the ICC and States pursuant to the principle of complementarity in The Rome Statute, as manifested in preliminary examinations. Drawing on the transnational legal process (TLP) framework, the article suggests how complementarity can be utilized to promote national compliance with the international norm of criminal accountability for international crimes. By examining ICC documents and practice, the article contends that exposing the gendered dimensions of State de-prioritization of sexual violence crimes will enable the ICC, as an international institution interacting with these regimes, to better facilitate gender-sensitive criminal justice responses to international crimes.
Este artículo analiza el potencial inexplorado del compromiso directo entre la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI) y los estados para influir en las prioridades nacionales procesales por crímenes internacionales, y cómo esto se puede aprovechar para mejorar en particular los procesos penales por delitos de violencia sexual. El artículo pone el acento en en la intersección de dos fenómenos: en primer lugar, cómo pueden influir las normas internacionales en el comportamiento nacional; y en segundo lugar, cómo se pueden impugnar los fallos sistémicos para enjuiciar los crímenes de violencia sexual. El artículo se centra en el compromiso entre la CPI y los estados, en virtud del principio de complementariedad del Estatuto de Roma, tal y como se manifiesta en su preámbulo. Tomando como referencia el marco del proceso legal transnacional (PLT), el artículo sugiere que se puede utilizar la complementariedad para promocionar el cumplimiento nacional de la norma internacional de la responsabilidad criminal ante delitos internacionales. Analizando los documentos y la práctica de la CPI, el artículo defiende que si se expone la dimensión de género de la falta de prioridad de los estados sobre delitos de violencia sexual, la CPI podrá, como institución internacional que interactúa con estos regímenes, ofrecer una mejor respuesta de la justicia penal ante delitos internacionales, que sea sensible a la circunstancia de género.
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