Lawyers, Governance, and Globalization: the Diverging Paths of “Public Interest Law” across the Americas
Keywords:
Lawyers, governance, globalization, “public interest law”, legal mobilization, access to justice, Abogados, gobierno, globalización, derecho de interés público, movilización legal, acceso a la justiciaAbstract
In recent years, “public interest law” (PIL) has become a frequent component in conversations about law and policy around the globe. While this worldwide manifestation of a professional and political script that thus far seemed to be typically so American suggests a remarkable process of diffusion, its mechanics and significance are yet to be examined more deeply and systematically. The available account contends that this process has been one of “convergence” and “adaptation”. Yet, there are good empirical and theoretical reasons to subject this account to further examination. Drawing from a comparative and international empirical research on the everyday lives of “public interest lawyers” in the United States and Latin America, this article stresses significant differences in the ways US and LA lawyers have structured “public interest law” – thus challenging the idea of convergence –, while also unveiling factors in the rich histories of professional and political development in the studied contexts, which initially account for such differentiation. These findings call for further research, but already speak to a variety of theories about institutional development in times of globalization, such as theories of institutional isomorphism and field constitution.
En los últimos años, el “derecho de interés público” (DIP) se ha convertido en un componente frecuente en las conversaciones sobre derecho y política a lo largo y ancho del globo. Mientras que esta manifestación a nivel mundial de un discurso profesional y político que hasta ahora parecía ser típicamente americano sugiere un notable proceso de difusión, sus mecanismos y significado todavía se deben examinar más profunda y sistemáticamente. La teoría disponible sostiene que este proceso ha sido de “convergencia” y “adaptación”. Sin embargo, hay buenas razones empíricas y teóricas para someter esta afirmación a un examen más profundo. A partir de una investigación comparativa empírica e internacional del día a día de los “abogados de derecho público” desarrollada en Estados Unidos y América Latina, este artículo hace hincapié en las importantes diferencias que hay en la forma en la que los abogados de Estados Unidos y América Latina han estructurado el “derecho de interés público” –poniendo así en duda la idea de convergencia–, y además revela nuevos factores en las ricas historias del desarrollo profesional y político de los contextos analizados, que a priori dan cuenta de esa diferenciación. Estos descubrimientos piden nuevas investigaciones, pero ya hablan de una variedad de teorías sobre el desarrollo institucional en tiempos de globalización, como teorías de isomorfismo institucional y constitución de campo.
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