Regime complexity and expertise in transnational governance: Strategizing in the face of regulatory uncertainty
Keywords:
Transnational governance, expertise, regime complexity, Gobierno transnacional, experiencia, complejidad del régimenAbstract
The rise and spread of transnational governance arrangements has added to the legal indeterminacy of existing regime complexes. The combined regulatory uncertainty resulting from international regime complexes and transnational polycentric governance heightens the role of expertise in managing this institutional complexity. The rising importance of knowledgeable actors with claims to policy-relevant expertise, according to many scholars, is expected further to advantage well-resourced and powerful actors. However, attention to recent developments in accounting and copyright, as two transnational governance fields that have been dominated by a small group of powerful actors for more than three decades, sheds doubt on the generalizability of such arguments. Although representing least likely cases for change, the empirical evidence presented in this paper shows how apparently weak or marginalized actors – whether they are part of public bureaucracies or civil society – developed expertise-based strategies to claim greater involvement and influence in rule and standard-setting. Their strategizing on regime complexity opened up previously shielded policy spaces to broader audiences, thereby transforming actor constellations, preferences and problem definitions in the two policy fields. These findings suggest that under conditions of complexity, indeterminacy and uncertainty, claims to expertise-based rule are becoming increasingly contested – even in transnational governance fields that have a long-established trajectory of rule-setting and rule-implementation monopolized by small groups of professionals, industrialists or technical diplomats.
El surgimiento y la difusión de las disposiciones de gobierno transnacional ha contribuido a la indeterminación jurídica de los complejos regímenes existentes. La incertidumbre regulatoria resultante de los complejos regímenes internacionales y del gobierno policéntrico transnacional realza el papel de la experiencia en la gestión de esta complejidad institucional. Según muchos estudiosos, la creciente importancia de los actores bien informados con pretensiones de experiencia en políticas relevantes, se espera más para favorecer a los actores poderosos y dotados de recursos. Sin embargo, la atención a los acontecimientos recientes en materia de contabilidad y derecho de autor, como dos campos de gobierno transnacionales que han sido dominados por un pequeño grupo de poderosos actores durante más de tres décadas, arroja dudas sobre la generalización de tales argumentos. Aunque representa menos casos probables de cambio , la evidencia empírica presentada en este trabajo muestra cómo los actores aparentemente débiles o marginados - si son parte de las burocracias públicas o de la sociedad civil - desarrollaron estrategias de especialización basadas en reclamar una mayor participación e influencia a la hora de establecer normas. Su formulación de estrategias sobre la complejidad del régimen abrió espacios políticos previamente blindados para públicos más amplios, transformando así las constelaciones de actores , las preferencias y las definiciones de los problemas en los dos ámbitos de actuación. Estos resultados sugieren que bajo condiciones de complejidad , indeterminación e incertidumbre, las pretensiones de dominio basado en conocimientos son cada vez más discutidas - incluso en los campos de gobierno transnacionales que tienen una larga trayectoria- y la aplicación configuración y puesta en práctica monopolizada por pequeños grupos de profesionales, industriales o técnicos diplomáticos.
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