Pragmatism and Effective Fragmented Governance: Comparing Trajectories in Small Arms and Military and Security Services
Keywords:
Private military and security services, small arms, global governance, complex or fragmented governance, regulation, effectiveness, global governors, pragmatism, networks, Servicios militares y de seguridad privados, armas pequeñas, gobierno mundial,Abstract
A hallmark of contemporary global governance is its complex nature. Understanding the implications of the array of “governors” and their efforts is paramount for scholars of global law and global politics. Most analyses have treated fragmented governance as a piece, arguing about its general effects. I concentrate instead on variation within fragmented situations, seeking to understand the conditions under which complexity yields more or less effective governance. I propose an analytical scheme for gauging effectiveness focused on how the array of governance efforts in an issue area relate to one another. I then compare these efforts in two issue arenas: small arms and private military and security services. Despite a similar complexity, similar array of actors trying to exert influence, and similar timing, complexity in small arms generated what most see as less effective results while in military and security services it has generated what seems to be a more promising path toward effective governance mechanisms. This difference is best explained with insights from pragmatism and network theory. When a broader range of relevant governors engage pragmatically to form linked networks governance is more likely. When governors engage ideologically and break off ties governance is less likely. Pragmatic engagement among the variety of relevant governors, including the US, is most likely to generate effective global governance.
Una característica distintiva del gobierno mundial contemporáneo es su naturaleza compleja. Entender las implicaciones de la serie de "gobernadores" y sus esfuerzos es fundamental para los estudiosos del derecho internacional y la política mundial. La mayoría de los análisis han tratado el gobierno fragmentado como una pieza, discutiendo sobre sus efectos generales. El análisis se centra en cambio en la variación dentro de situaciones fragmentadas, buscando entender las condiciones en las que la complejidad produce un gobierno más o menos efectivo. Se propone un esquema analítico para medir la eficacia centrada en cómo el conjunto de esfuerzos de gobierno en un área temática se relacionan entre sí. Así, se comparan estos esfuerzos en dos ámbitos: las armas pequeñas y los servicios de seguridad y militares privados. A pesar de una complejidad similar, una gama similar de actores que tratan de ejercer influencia y un calendario similar, la complejidad de armas pequeñas generó ver los resultados como menos eficaces, mientras que en los servicios militares y de seguridad ha supuesto lo que parece ser un camino más prometedor hacia mecanismos eficaces de gobierno. Esta diferencia se explica mejor con los puntos de vista de pragmatismo y la teoría de redes. Cuando una gama más amplia de relevantes gobiernos emplea una forma pragmática para formar redes vinculadas, la gobernabilidad es más probable. Cuando los mandatarios se enfrentan ideológicamente y se rompen los lazos, el gobierno es menos probable. El compromiso pragmático entre la variedad de relevantes gobiernos, incluyendo EE.UU., es más probable que genere un gobierno mundial eficaz.
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