¿Existe una cultura de violencia política en el País Vasco?
(Is there a culture of political violence in the Basque Country?)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.1866Keywords:
Terrorismo, violencia, cultura, simbolismo, País Vasco, ETA, Terrorism, violence, culture, symbolism, Basque CountryAbstract
Una tradición analítica aborda la violencia política en apoyo de las reivindicaciones etnonacionalistas desde un enfoque culturalista, que pretende ofrecer un modelo de lectura pertinente. Este artículo intenta probar este tipo de enfoque en el caso del conflicto en el País Vasco. Con el fin de comprobar la validez de este modelo interpretativo, realizamos una encuesta sociológica cualitativa entre 73 antiguos militantes clandestinos. Los datos empíricos nos permiten concluir que una lectura culturalista de naturaleza esencialista del uso de la violencia política en este caso es irrelevante. Por otro lado, mostraremos el interés de un análisis de la producción simbólica de los grupos armados que dé un papel de primer plano a los motivos de la resistencia y de la liberación nacional.
An analytical tradition considers political violence linked to ethno-nationalist claims from a culturalist approach, which intends to offer a relevant interpretative model. This article aims to test this type of approach to the conflict in the Basque Country. In order to examine the validity of this interpretative model, we conducted a qualitative sociological survey among 73 former clandestine militants. The empirical data allow us to conclude that a culturalist and essentialist approach of the use of political violence in this case is irrelevant. On the other hand, we will show the interest of an analysis of the symbolic production of armed groups that gives a prominent place to the motives of resistance and national liberation.
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