Protection and support of terrorism victims in the criminal proceedings in Kosovo: The compliance with standards of the Madrid Memorandum

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1397

Keywords:

Victims of terrorism, protection and support of victims of terrorism, Madrid Memorandum, Víctimas del terrorismo, protección y apoyo a las víctimas del terrorismo, Memorando de Madrid

Abstract

Victims of terrorism can be considered a special category within the broader and more general group of “victims of crime”. In recent decades, there has been an international trend to develop more specific treatment, both in legal and practical terms, to address their particular needs in unfortunate times of intensification and sophistication of terrorist attacks, with a correlative increase in the harmful consequences for an increasing number of victims of terrorism. At the international level, one such instrument is the Madrid Memorandum, which contains relevant guidelines that serve as a reference for States, who can draw inspiration from them when designing their national standards of protection and support for victims of terrorism. This paper aims to critically analyze the legal framework applicable in Kosovo on the issue of protection and support of victims of terrorism from the pre-trial phase, through criminal proceedings, and after the completion of criminal proceedings, with special emphasis aiming to analyze the compliance of these rules with standards of the Madrid Memorandum.  The paper identifies three areas in which the applicable legal framework for the protection and support of victims of terrorism in criminal proceedings needs to be harmonised with the Madrid Memorandum’s standards.

Las víctimas del terrorismo pueden considerarse una categoría especial dentro del grupo más amplio y general de las "víctimas de delitos". En las últimas décadas, ha habido una tendencia internacional a desarrollar un tratamiento más específico, tanto en términos jurídicos como prácticos, para abordar sus necesidades particulares en tiempos desafortunados de intensificación y sofisticación de los ataques terroristas, con un aumento correlativo de las consecuencias perjudiciales para un número cada vez mayor de víctimas del terrorismo. En el ámbito internacional, uno de estos instrumentos es el Memorando de Madrid, que contiene directrices relevantes que sirven de referencia a los Estados, que pueden inspirarse en ellas a la hora de diseñar sus normas nacionales de protección y apoyo a las víctimas del terrorismo. El presente trabajo pretende analizar críticamente el marco jurídico aplicable en Kosovo en materia de protección y apoyo a las víctimas del terrorismo desde la fase de instrucción, a través del proceso penal, y una vez finalizado éste, con especial énfasis en analizar la conformidad de estas normas con los estándares del Memorando de Madrid. El documento identifica tres áreas en las que el marco legal aplicable para la protección y el apoyo a las víctimas del terrorismo en los procesos penales necesita ser armonizado con los estándares del Memorando de Madrid.

Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1397

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

        Metrics

Views 312
Downloads:
13(4)_Bytyqi_et_al_OSLS 168
XML_13(4)_Bytyqi_et_al_OSLS 25


Author Biographies

Vilard Bytyqi, Kosovo Academy for Public Safety

Faculty of Public Safety, Kosovo Academy for Public Safety, Kosovo.

Ferid Azemi, Kosovo Academy for Public Safety

Faculty of Public Safety, Kosovo Academy for Public Safety, Kosovo. Email address: feridazemi@gmail.com

References

Alvaro, G., and D’Andrea, A., 2015. The Impact of Directive 2012/29/EU on the Italian System for Protecting Victims of Crime in Criminal Proceedings. In: S. Ruggeri, ed., Human Rights in European Criminal Law [online]. Cham: Springer. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12042-3_15

Council Directive 2004/80/EC of 29 April 2004 relating to compensation to crime victims. OJ [online], L 261, 6.8.2004. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32004L0080

Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA of 15 March 2001 on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings. OJ [online], L 082, 22.03.2001. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32001F0220

Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism, 16 May 2005. ETS [online], No. 196. Available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/47fdfaf0d.html

Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA. OJ [online], L 315, 14.11.2012. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32012L0029

Emmerson, B., 2012. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism (A/HRC/20/14) [online]. Human Rights Council. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/RegularSession/Session20/A-HRC-20-14_en.pdf

Global Counterterrorism Forum, 2014. Madrid Memorandum on Good Practices for Assistance to Victims of Terrorism Immediately After the Attack [online]. Available at: https://www.thegctf.org/documents/10162/72352/13Sep19_Madrid+Memorandum.pdf

Halsell, K., 2016. Whole Again? Statutory Compensation Schemes as a Tort Alternative in the Aftermath of Terror Attacks. Temple International and Comparative Law Journal [online], 30(2), 289-316. Available at: https://sites.temple.edu/ticlj/files/2017/02/30.2.Halsell-TICLJ.pdf

Jupp, J., 2022. Strengthening Protection and Support for Victims of Terrorism in Criminal Proceedings in Afghanistan. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism [online], 45(2), 133-152, Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2019.1657657

Letschert, R., 2009. International Initiatives and Activities Focusing Specifically on Victims of Terrorism, Including Existing International Instruments. In: R. Letschert, A. Pemberton and I. Staiger, eds., Assisting Victims of Terrorism [online]. Dordrecht: Springer, 31–71. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3025-2_2

McDonald, M., 2021. Guide for Lawyers to the Victims Directive & the Criminal Justice (Victims of Crime) Act 2017 [online]. Irish Council for Civil Liberties, Ireland. Available at: https://www.iccl.ie/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/5871-EU-Victims-Day-Proof-updated-v2.pdf

Rafaraci, T., 2015. New Perspectives for the Protection of the Victims in the EU. In: S. Ruggeri, ed., Human Rights in European Criminal Law [online]. Cham: Springer. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12042-3_11

Sahiti, E., Murati, R., and Elshani, X., 2014. Komentar i Kodit të Procedurës Penale. Prishtina: GIZ.

The Academy of Justice, 2020. Programi Trajnues Kornizë 2021-2022 [Framework Training Program, 2021–2022], 65–66. Prishtina: Academy of Justice. Available at: https://ad.rks-gov.net/Uploads/Documents/PTKRev2021Sq_.pdf

The Academy of Justice, 2021. Report on the Participation of Judges in Training in the Specialized Program: Extremism, Radicalism, and Terrorism. Prishtina: Academy of Justice.

The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy: resolution adopted by the General Assembly on September 20, 2006 (A/RES/60/288) [online]. Available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/468364e72.html

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2015. Good Practices in Supporting Victims of Terrorism within the Criminal Justice Framework [online]. Vienna: UNODC. Available at: https://www.unodc.org/documents/terrorism/Publications/Good%20practices%20on%20victims/good_practices_victims_E.pdf

Walker, C., 2015. Compensation and Financial Redress for Victims of Terrorism. In: J. Argomaniz and O. Lynch, eds., International Perspectives on Terrorist Victimisation [online]. London: Palgrave Macmillan, London. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137347114_5

Published

28-07-2023

How to Cite

Bytyqi, V. and Azemi, F. (2023) “Protection and support of terrorism victims in the criminal proceedings in Kosovo: The compliance with standards of the Madrid Memorandum”, Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 13(4), pp. 1412–1427. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1397.