Changes in gender and race composition of the Brazilian Judiciary

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1394

Keywords:

Judiciary, profession, gender, race, difference

Abstract

This article analyzes the impact of judicial policies aimed at promoting equity in judge’s career on the race and gender composition of the Brazilian Judiciary. We investigate whether these policies impacted on the way in which judicial careers and internal promotions are gendered and racialized. The article uses quantitative data on the composition of the Brazilian judiciary by gender and race, and qualitative data obtained from various documentary sources, including the media and excerpts from interviews with judges published in academic works. The theoretical approach is the one of differences, conceiving them as constructed within the scope of culture. We conclude that despite the timid increase in the presence of black women and men in the Brazilian judiciary, racial and gender issues have been made visible and disputed, with political movements seeking to implement these agendas, sharing identifications and vocalizing experiences of subtle discrimination.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

        Metrics

Views 545
Downloads:
13(4)_Bonelli_Oliveira_OSLS 337
XML_13(4)_Bonelli_Oliveira_OSLS 17


Author Biographies

Maria da Gloria Bonelli, Federal University of São Carlos

Doctor in Social Sciences. Visiting Research Fellow: American Bar Foundation, 1996; Oñati Institute for the Sociology of Law, 2006; Leeds University School of Law, 2016. Senior full professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Email address: gbonelli@uol.com.br

Fabiana Luci de Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos

Doctor in Social Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos. Associate Professor of Sociology, Head of the Department of Sociology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Email address: fabianaluci@ufscar.br

 

 

References

Bogéa, D., 2021. Mulheres togadas: Diversidade de gênero e perspectivas sociais em cortes constitucionais. Revista de Informação Legislativa, RIL [online], 58(229), 103–126. Available at: https://www12.senado.leg.br/ril/edicoes/58/229/ril_v58_n229_p103

Bonelli, M.G., 2013. Gender and difference among Brazilian lawyers and judges: Public and private practice in the global periphery. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies [online], 20(2), 1291. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/indjglolegstu.20.2.1291

Bonelli, M.G., and Oliveira, F.L., 2020. Mulheres magistradas e a construção de gênero na carreira judicial. Novos Estudos Cebrap [online], 116, 143–163. Available at: https://doi.org/10.25091/S01013300202000010006

Brah, A., 1996. Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London: Routledge.

Brasil Econômico, 2019. As dez carreiras mais bem remuneradas no Brasil. Economia IG [online], 28 May. Available at: https://economia.ig.com.br/carreiras/2019-05-28/conheca-as-dez-carreiras-mais-bem-remuneradas-no-brasil.html

Butler, J., 2003. Problemas de gênero: Feminismo e subversão da identidade. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.

Butler, J., 2004. Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge.

Carvalho, Flavia M., 2021. Negras e negros no Poder Judiciário. Portal Geledés [online], 21 October. Available at: https://www.geledes.org.br/flavia-martins-de-carvalho-negras-e-negros-no-poder-judiciario/

Chaves, D.L.M.S., 2021. Enigmas de gênero: mulheres e carreira na magistratura federal. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito Constitucional, tese de doutorado. Universidade de Fortaleza.

Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), 2018. Perfil sociodemográfico dos magistrados brasileiros [online]. Brasilia: CNJ. Available at: https://www.cnj.jus.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/a18da313c6fdcb6f364789672b64fcef_c948e694435a52768cbc00bda11979a3.pdf

Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), 2021a. Link CNJ - Racismo e ações afirmativas do Judiciário. YouTube clip. Link CNJ [online], 1 July. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRf9XBKYXdM

Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), 2021b. Pesquisa sobre negros e negras no Poder Judiciário [online]. Brasilia: CNJ. Available at: https://www.cnj.jus.br/w-content/uploads/2021/09/rela-negros-negras-no-poder-judiciario-150921.pdf

Duarte, M., Oliveira, A., and Fernando, P., 2016. Gender and Judging in Portugal: Opinions and Perceptions. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 6(3), 477–495. Available at: https://opo.iisj.net/index.php/osls/article/view/523 [

Fanon, F., 2020. Pele negra, máscaras brancas. Revised ed. São Paulo: Ubu.

Faustino, D., 2020. Notas sobre a sociogenia, o racismo e o sofrimento Psicossocial no pensamento de Frantz Fanon. Revista Eletrônica Interações Sociais – REIS [online], 4(2), 1021. Available at: https://periodicos.furg.br/reis/article/view/12211

Feres Júnior, J., et al., 2018. Ação afirmativa: conceito, história e debates [online]. Rio de Janeiro: EDUERJ. Available at: https://eduerj.com/produto/acao-afirmativa-conceito-historia-e-debates/

Fonsêca, M.A.R., 2021. Singular e plural: a representatividade racial no judiciário. Justificando [online], 19 August. Available at: https://www.institutoellaeduca.com.br/2021/08/11/singular-e-plural-a-representatividade-racial-no-judiciario/

Fragale Filho, R., and Alves, A.A., 2018. Magistratura e raça - juízes (as) negros (as): sentidos sociais e políticos [online]. 42º Encontro da ANPOCS, GT 21. Available at: https://www.anpocs.com/index.php/papers-40-encontro-3/gt-31/gt21-25/11300-os-juristas-na-sociedade-conflitos-politicos-e-sentidos-do-direito/file

Freidson, E., 2001. Professionalism: The third logic. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Gilligan, C., 1982. In a different voice: Psychological theory and women’s development. Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press, 217 p.

Gomes, R.F., 2018. Magistradas negras no Poder Judiciário brasileiro: Representatividade, política de cotas e questões de raça e gênero. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Jurídicas, dissertação de mestrado. João Pessoa, Universidade Federal da Paraíba.

Hall, S., 1980. Race, articulation and societies structured in dominance. Sociological theories: Race colonialism. Paris: Unesco.

Hall, S., 1992. The question of cultural identity. In: S. Hall, D. Held and A. McGrew, eds., Modernity and its futures. Cambridge: Polity Press, Open University Press.

Hall, S., 1997. The spectacle of the other. In: S. Hall, J. Evans and S. Nixon, eds., Cultural representations and the signifying practices. London: Sage.

Hunter, R., 2015. More than Just a Different Face? Judicial Diversity and Decision-making. Current Legal Problems, 68(1), 119–141. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/cuv001

Kahwane, T.L., and Severi, F.C., 2020. Uma análise dos estudos sobre a feminização da magistratura. Revista de Informação Legislativa: RIL [online], 56(222), 51–73. Available at: https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/558912/001152938.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Kastellec, J.P., 2013. Racial Diversity and Judicial Influence on Appellate Courts. American Journal of Political Science [online], 57(1), 167–83. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23496550 [Access 22 August 2022].

Miles, R., 1989. Racism. London: Routledge.

Miskolci, R., 2021. Batalhas morais: Política identitária na esfera pública técnicomidiatizada. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica.

Moehlecke, S., 2004. Ação afirmativa no ensino. Educação e Sociedade [online], 25(88), 757–776. Available at: https://www.scielo.br/j/es/a/b6k4Z7YXkxkyTQzzrpvcpfy/?format=pdf&lang=pt

Nogueira, O., 1998. Preconceito de marca. São Paulo: EDUSP.

Nunes, W., 2020. Juízes negros se unem contra desigualdade racial nos tribunais e cobram avanço em cotas. Folha de São Paulo [online], 26 December. Available at: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2020/12/juizes-negros-se-unem-contra-desigualdade-racial-nos-tribunais-e-cobram-avanco-em-cotas.shtml

Oliveira, F.L., and Sadek, M.T.A., 2022. Impactos e dificuldades na implementação das cotas no Judiciário. Jota [online], 8 July. Available at: https://www.jota.info/opiniao-e-analise/colunas/judiciario-e-sociedade/impactos-e-dificuldades-na-implementacao-das-cotas-no-judiciario-08072022

Omi, M., and Winant, H., 1986. Racial formation in the United States: from the 1960’s to 1980’s. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Osório, R.G., 2003. O sistema classificatório de cor ou raça do IBGE [online]. Brasília: IPEA. Available at: https://repositorio.ipea.gov.br/bitstream/11058/2958/1/TD_996.pdf

Pelbart, P.P., no date. Mutações contemporâneas. Revista Cinética [online]. Available at: http://www.revistacinetica.com.br/cep/peter_pal.htm

Rackley, E., 2013. Rethinking judicial diversity. In: U. Schultz and G. Shaw, eds., Gender and judging. Oxford: Hart, 501–519.

Schultz, U., and Shaw, G., eds., 2013. Gender and judging. Oxford: Hart.

Scott, S., 2015. Negotiating identity: Symbolic interactionist approaches to social identity. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Silvério, V.R., 2002. Agência criativa negra: Rejeições articuladas e reconfigurações do racismo. São Paulo: Intermeios.

Slack, J.D, 1996. The theory and method of articulation in cultural studies. In: D. Morley and K.S. Chen, eds., Stuart Hall: Critical dialogues in cultural studies. London: Routlegde, 112–127.

Sommerlad, H., 2013. Let history judge? Gender, race, class and performative identity: A study of women judges in England and Wales. In: U. Schultz and G. Shaw, eds., Gender and judging. Oxford: Hart, 355–375.

Sommerlad, H., 2015. The “Social Magic” of Merit: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the English and Welsh Legal Profession. Fordham Law Review [online], 83(5), 2325–2347. Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol83/iss5/7

Sommerlad, H., et al., 2022. “Race”, Ethnicity, and the Legal Profession. In: R. Abel et al., eds., Lawyers in 21st century societies, vol 2: Comparisons and theories. London: Bloomsbury.

Strauss, A.L., 1997. Espelhos e máscaras: A busca da identidade. São Paulo: EDUSP.

Uliano, A.B., no date. Promotoras e procuradoras lançam manifesto contra cotas para mulheres no Ministério Público. Gazeta do povo [online]. Available at: https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/instituto-politeia/manifesto-mp-cotas-mulheres/

Voorhoeve, M., 2021. Gender and judging in Tunisia and the intersections of penalty and privilege. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 13(3), 1118–1140. Available at: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1204

Published

28-07-2023

How to Cite

Bonelli, M. da G. and Oliveira, F. L. de (2023) “Changes in gender and race composition of the Brazilian Judiciary”, Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 13(4), pp. 1351–1375. doi: 10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1394.