Verosimilitud y estereotipos en el régimen de asilo: la (des)contexualización de las identidades LGBTIQ
(Plausibility and Stereotypes in the Spanish asylum regime: The (de)contextualization of LGBTIQ identities)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1382Keywords:
Asilo, LGBTIQ, verosimilitud, verdad, estereotipos, Asylum, plausibility, true, StereotypesAbstract
La aceptabilidad de las demandas de protección de asilo por razones de orientación sexual e identidad de género se ha desarrollado recientemente tras un largo proceso de dudas e incoherencias. A pesar de ello, todavía hoy persisten ciertas interpretaciones que se basan estereotipos y que dificultan un procedimiento sensible a la complejidad de las situaciones que viven estos demandantes de asilo. Con el propósito de identificar estos estereotipos, que suelen darse en relación con la prueba de la identidad y la constatación de la persecución, se analizan las sentencias del ordenamiento español en esta materia y se proponen otras interpretaciones que eviten dichos estereotipos.
Asylum claims based on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity has been recently accepted, after a long process of confusions and inconsistencies. Despite this, certain interpretations based on stereotypes persist today, hindering a procedure sensitive to the complexity of those situations experienced by these asylum seekers. In order to identify these stereotypes, usually related to the proof of identity and the persecution, the case law of the Spanish legal system in this area is analysed here. Finally, some new interpretations avoiding such stereotypes are proposed.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads:
13(3)_Merino_OSLS 180
XML_13(3)_Merino_OSLS 21
References
Ahmed, S., 2019. Fenomenología Queer: Orientaciones, objetos, otros. Barcelona: Bellaterra.
Arendt, H., 2017. The Origins of Totalitarianism. Londres: Penguin.
Arfuch, L., 2005. Cronotopías de la intimidad. En: L. Arfuch, ed., Pensar este tiempo: Espacios, Afectos, Pertenencias. Buenos Aires: Paidós, 237–290.
Asociación Internacional de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Trans e Intersex (ILGA), 2019. Homofobia de Estado 2019. Ginebra: ILGA.
Barrère, M.A., 2010. La interseccionalidad como desafío al mainstreaming de género en las políticas públicas. Revista Vasca de la Administración Pública – Herri-Arduralaritzako Euskal Aldizkaria, 87–88, 225–252.
Berg, L., y Millbank, J., 2009. Constructing the Personal Narratives of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Asylum Claimants. Journal of Refugee Studies, 22(2), 195–223.
Brah, A., 1993. Difference, Diversity, Differentation: Processes of Racialisation and Gender. In: J. Solomos y J. Wrench, eds., Racism and Migration in Western Europe. Oxford/Providence: Berg, 195–214.
Brah, A., 2011. Cartografías de la diáspora: Identidades en cuestión. Madrid: Traficantes de sueños.
Butler, J., 1999. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Nueva York: Routledge.
Crenshaw, K., 1996. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics and Violence Against Women of Color. In: D.K. Weisberg, ed., Applications of Feminist Legal Theory to Women’s Lives. Sex, Violence, Work, and Reproduction. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 363–377.
Danisi, C., et al., 2021. Queering Asylum in Europe: Legal and Social Experiences of Seeking International Protection on grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Cham: Springer.
Dick, C., 2020. Sex, Sexism, and Judicial Misconduct: How the Canadian Judicial Council Perpetuates Sexism in the Legal Realm. Feminist Legal Studies, 28(2), 133–153.
Dhoest, A., 2019. Learning to be gay: LGTBQ forced migrant identities and narratives in Belgium. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 45(7), 1–15.
Elvin, J., 2010. The Continuing Use of Problematic Sexual Stereotypes in Judicial Decision-Making. Feminist Legal Studies, 18, 275–297.
Finch, E., y Munro, V., 2007. The Demon Drink and the Demonized Women: Socio-Sexual Stereotypes and Responsibility Attribution in Rape Trials Involving Intoxicants. Socio & Legal Studies, 16(4), 591–614.
Foucault, M., 2002. Historia de la sexualidad. (Vol. 1. La voluntad del saber). Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
Gandini, L., 2020. Caravanas migrantes: de respuestas institucionales diferenciadas a la reorientación de la política migratoria. Revista interdisciplinar da mobilidade humana: REMHU, 28(60).
Garry, A., 2011. Intersectionality, Metaphors, and the Multiplicity of Gender. Hypatia, 26(4), 826–850.
Haraway, D., 1988. Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Feminist Studies, 14(3), 575–599.
Hathaway, J.C., y Foster, M., 2014. The law of refugee status. 2ª ed. Cambridge University Press.
Hernández Castillo, R.A., 2008. Feminismos poscoloniales: reflexiones desde el sur de Río Bravo. En: L. Suárez Navaz y R.A. Hernández Castillo, eds., Descolonizando el feminismo. Teorías y prácticas desde los márgenes. Valencia: Cátedra/Universitat de València, 75–116.
Lewis, R., y Naples, N., 2014. Introduction: Queer migration, asylum and displacement. Sexualities, 17(8), 911–918.
Lugones, M., 2010. Toward a Decolonial Feminism. Hypatia, 25(4), 742–759.
Luibhéid, E., 2005. Queer/Migration: An Unruly Body of Scholarship. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 14(2/3), 169–190.
Martínez, R., 2019. Descolonizar la praxis política, desmoronar el racismo asimilado en pueblos oprimidos. En: K. Ochoa Muñoz, ed., Miradas en torno al problema colonial: Pensamiento anticolonial y feminismos decoloniales en los sures globales. Madrid: Akal Inter Pares, 177-196.
Martínez Prado, N., 2015. Sujeto y performatividad. En: E. Biset et al., eds., Sujeto, una categoría en disputa. Avellaneda: La Cebra, 309–341.
Millbank, J., 2009. “The Ring of Truth”: A Case Study of Credibility Assessment in Particular Social Group Refugee Determinations. International Journal of Refugee Law, 21(1), 1–33.
Middelkoop, L., 2013. Normativity and credibility of sexual orientation in asylum decision making”. En: T. Spijkerboer, ed., Fleeing homophobia: Sexual orientation, gender identity and asylum. Londres: Routledge, 82–91.
Murray, D., 2016. Real Queer? Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Refugees in the Canadian Refugee Apparatus. Nueva York: Rowman & Littlefield.
O’Dwyer, P., 2007/2008. A Well-Founded Fear of Having My Sexual Orientation Asylum Claim Heard in the Wrong Court. New York Law School Law Review, 52, 185–212.
Parella, S., 2003. Mujer, inmigrante y trabajadora: La triple discriminación. Barcelona: Anthropos.
Puar, J.K., 2007. Terrorist Assemblages. Homonationalism in queer times. Durham: Duke University Press.
Rahman, M., 2014. Queer Rights and the Triangulation of Western Exceptionalism. Journal of Human Rights, 13, 274–289.
Razack, S., 1995. Domestic Violence as Gender Persecution: Policing the Borders of Nation, Race, and Gender. Canadian Journal of Women & Law, 8, 45–88.
Soria, S., 2015. Sujeto y alteridad: Problemas y desplazamientos desde una perspectiva decolonial. En: E. Biset et al., eds., Sujeto, una categoría en disputa. Avellaneda: La Cebra, 65–97.
Spijkerboer, T., 2013. Sexual identity, normativity and asylum. En: T. Spijkerboer, ed., Fleeing homophobia: Sexual orientation, gender identity and asylum. Londres: Routledge, 217–238.
Spijkerboer, T., 2018. Gender, Sexuality, Asylum and European Human Rights. Law Critique, 29, 221–239.
Subsrecretaría del Interior, 2021. Asilo en cifras 2020 [en línea]. Madrid: Ministerio del Interior, Secretaría General Técnica. Disponible en: https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/pdf/servicios-al-ciudadano/oficina-de-asilo-y-refugio/datos-e-informacion-estadistica/Asilo_en_cifras_2020.pdf [Acceso 6 marzo 2023].
Tamale, S., 2011. Researching and theorising sexualities in Africa. En: S. Tamale, ed., African Sexualities: A reader. Nairobi: Pambazuka Press, 11–26.
Vertovec, S., 2011. The Cultural Politics of Nation and Migration. Annual Review of Anthropology, 40, 241–256.
Wessels, J., 2011. Sexual Orientation in Refugee Status Determination. Refugee Studies Centre, Working Papers Series, 74.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Victor Merino-Sancho
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
OSLS strictly respects intellectual property rights and it is our policy that the author retains copyright, and articles are made available under a Creative Commons licence. The Creative Commons Non-Commercial Attribution No-Derivatives licence is our default licence, further details available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 If this is not acceptable to you, please contact us.
The non-exclusive permission you grant to us includes the rights to disseminate the bibliographic details of the article, including the abstract supplied by you, and to authorise others, including bibliographic databases, indexing and contents alerting services, to copy and communicate these details.
For information on how to share and store your own article at each stage of production from submission to final publication, please read our Self-Archiving and Sharing policy.
The Copyright Notice showing the author and co-authors, and the Creative Commons license will be displayed on the article, and you must agree to this as part of the submission process. Please ensure that all co-authors are properly attributed and that they understand and accept these terms.
